1. The Peloponnesian Wars
CHW 3M

2. The Greek Cold War Neutral States Delian League (Athens)
While Athens dominated trading routes and grew richer and more powerful, the other Greek city-states began to feel threatened. As a result Alliance formed.
Delian League (Athens)
Peloponnesian League (Sparta)
Neutral States

3. Athens Vs. Sparta Athenian Strategy Spartan Strategy
Defend Athens and sea port against land invasion (long walls)
Maintain control of their empire and continue to extract the revenue from it to pay for their navy and army and food for the city.
Use their amphibious forces to maintain control of the seas, to allow supply of the city and to contain and harass the Spartan-alliance cities.
Spartan Strategy
Use massive army to fight land war. (outnumbered Athenians 3 to 1)
Invade Attica and burn crops, starving the Athenians into submission

4. In 431 BC Sparta marched into Attica and burned countryside
In 431 BC Sparta marched into Attica and burned countryside . However Athenians were safe behind massive wall and relied on Navy to import food from all over Mediterranean.
Athens became crowded since all the poor from the country side moved to the city for safety. Living conditions got worse and In 430 BC the city was struck by a plague which would last four years and would kill a third of the population, including military leader Pericles.
Fearing the plague themselves and a Helot revolt the Spartans temporarily abandoned the Attica siege.

5. The Sicilian Expedition
As time went on neither side managed to gain the upper hand and all sense of right and wrong was abandoned. By 421 BC both sides were exhausted and signed a temporary truce.
The Sicilian Expedition
In 415 BC a politician named Alcibiades persuaded the Athenians to attack Syracuse a Spartan colony and food supplier. Before the attack Alcibiades was called back to Athens to face charges brought against him by his enemies. He fled to Sparta and betrayed Athens.
175 ships destroyed or captured
40, 000 Athenian causalities

6. The Final Blow End of the City States
The Persians agreed to build a fleet for the Spartans if they recognized the Persian claim on Ionia. In 405BC the Spartans made a surprise attack and destroyed the Athenian navy. Without it’s ships Athens was unable to import food and was starved into surrender.
End of the City States
After war Athens ruled by pro-Spartan Aristocrats. The Thirty Tyrants made themselves so unpopular the King of Sparta restored democracy in 403BC. Within 10 years Athens had once again weakened Spartan control, which would lead to the end of the independent city states.

7. A New Power Rises
Philip II of Macedon was a strong leader and had united the Northern tribes. He sought to unify Greece and attack the Persians.
Philips army was very
efficient,
completely loyal to him
Included hoplites, archers, slingers, and cavalry
In 338BC Philips army won a decisive battle over the Southern city states and unified Greece making himself leader.