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Athens vs Sparta Peloponnesian Wars.

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Presentation on theme: "Athens vs Sparta Peloponnesian Wars."— Presentation transcript:

1 Athens vs Sparta Peloponnesian Wars

2 REVIEW: Golden Age of Athens
5th Century BC Golden Age of Athens Expansion in the arts and science Athens - dominates Aegean World Delian League: city-states loyal to Athens who in turn provide protection. Athens required member states to pay a tribute, equal to $200 million in modern currency – needed for the Parthenon

3 Spartans and her allies created Peloponnesian League
Building Power : Spartans and her allies created Peloponnesian League Those loyal to Athens are apart of the Delian League

4 Beginning of Trouble The member states were not happy
Many City-States turned to Sparta Sparta and Athens become rivals; both very powerful

5 Map

6 Athens Vs. Sparta Eventually went to war against each other beginning in 431 BC. Athens had a monopoly of trade in the Aegean region. This caused strain between Athens and other city-states.

7 War broke out when Corinth (member of Peloponnesian League) became involved in a conflict with Athens about trade Corinthians asked Spartans and the Peloponnesian League to go to War

8 War Declared ! They declared war on Athens in 431 BC
There would be a series of battles between the two groups

9 Review: Military Strength
ATHENS: Pericles, ruler of Athens, based his strategy on sea power Had enough money to mount large attack SPARTA: Great land army; disciplined; professional soldiers.

10 Phase 1 Beginning of Battle
Pericles orders everyone from surrounding farmlands inside city walls Sparta did not have a good navy, so it looked like Athens may win. How? Athens protected its citizens inside of its walls.

11 Pericles

12 Athenian Problems: Poor living conditions Crowded huts Poor hygiene
Plague broke out Vomiting, painful sores, dysentery. One-third of Athenians died Many felt Gods punishing them Confidence weakened

13 The War War continued for 10 years.
There were victories on both sides. In 421 BC, both agree to 50 year truce.

14 Broken Promise : 415 BC Athens bullies neighbours (city- states) again...this breaks the truce (peace) Peloponnesian wars resume

15 Phase #2 Athens attacks island of Melos
Killed many soldiers and sold women into slavery. The attacked at Syracuse Expensive attack

16 Naval fleet failed to destroy the walls around Syracuse.
Athenian fleet defeated in Syracuse harbour. Forced to surrender.

17 Phase 3 Peloponnesians Take Action:
Spartans formed alliances with Sicily and Persia Sparta blocked supplies from Athens Nearly starved Athens Ended the fight

18 How did it end? Athens never recovered
Sparta permanently occupied Athenian country-side Silver mines of Athens came under Spartan control Athenian slave miners declared loyalty to Sparta

19 Phase I: 431-421 BC Phase II: 415-412 BC Phase III: 412-404 BC
Outcome: signed a peace treaty Location: Attica (Athens) Peloponnesus (Sparta) Phase II: BC Outcome: Athens loses navy, forced to surrender. Location: major battles on Melos and Syracuse Phase III: BC Outcome: Athens was starved out, lost several battles Location: Athens (walled city state)

20 What Happened to Athens?
By 404 BC no powerful leader replaced Pericles Small rebellions crushed Athens slowly defeated Forced to tear down walls and reduce navy

21 Conclusions: End of Golden Age of Greece
City did remain important cultural centre Other City-States gained power, but biggest threat came from Macedonia


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