1 Types of Nationalism Cultural nationalism  Johann Gottfried von Herder ( ) praises the Volk (“people”)  Literature, folklore, music as expressions of Volksgeist: “spirit of the people” Political nationalism  Movement for political independence of nation from other authorities  Unification of national lands  Giuseppe Mazzini ( ), “Young Italy”

2 The Aspects of Nation-Building… Military Identity:  Culture +  Language +  History +  Religion =  Nationalism! Development Government Economy (Economic System…) Territory

3 Cavour, Garibaldi and Bismarck…

4 Nationalism and Anti-Semitism Nationalist ideologies distrustful of indigenous minorities Pogroms, violent attacks on Jewish communities in Russian Empire beginning 1881 Anti-Semitism rallying cry of many European nationalists French military Captain Alfred Dreyfus framed for selling military secrets to Germany Eventually exonerated, but great debate on loyalty of Jews in European societies

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7 Our hearts where they rocked our cradle Our love where we spent our toil, And our faith, and our hope, and our honor, We pledge to our native soil. God gave all men all earth to love But since our hearts are small Ordained for each one spot should prove Beloved over all. –Rudyard Kipling

8 Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind. –Albert Einstein

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