Chapter 13

 Not always desirable  Populations increase geometrically(1, 2, 4, 8, 16)  Food supply increases arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

 Humans out growing resources  Leading to famine, war

 Small, grew slowly  Starvation, predation and disease prevent long lives – 35 old  High infant mortality rate

 Major growth  Increase food supply = more people  Higher standard of living, increase life expectancy  AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION – the shift from harvesting wild food sources to producing food through the techniques of farming and herding

 3 rd period of major growth  Increase # of people due to – technology advances in food production and distribution and health care

 Identified bacteria and other microorganisms as agents responsible for many diseases  Before health was not associated with hygiene

 Improved hygiene, sterile surgery, better methods of waste disposal, and water treatment  Reduced death rate, increased population growth

 Bubonic plague, Black Death, Europe and Asia.  Claimed 25% of adult population of Central Europe and Asia  50% of England’s Population reduced between

 Cholera, typhus, malaria, yellow fever and small pox all claimed many lives throughout human history

 Famine – 1840s – Irish Potato Famine. More than 1 million died  , China, 9 million deaths

 War – Thirty Years’ War ( ), 1/3 of inhabitants of Germany and Bohemia killed  WWI – 21.5 million lives  WWII – million

 Subtracting death rate (number of deaths per thousand) from the birth rate (number of births per thousand)  Birth rate = 28. Death rate = 8. What is rate of growth or decline in population?

 How long it will take for the population, at its current rate of growth, to double in size  Some populations double quick some slowly

 Science of the changing vital statistics in a human population  See fig 13.3

 Countries rely on other countries to support their growth  Pollution of one country may affect a neighboring country

 Human health problems  Malnutrition, poor hygiene, lack of medical facilities  Destruction of Ecosystems

 Control birth rate – China, incentives for having only one child  Educate – proper birth control (no sex before marriage)