1. Environmental Science
Relationship between biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) organisms
It is an interdisciplinary subject

2. Renewable vs NonRenewable
Nonrenewable resources- Are not replenished within a lifetime
Renewable resources- Infinite amount of use for these resources.

3. The past Century Life expectancy has risen from 46 to 67 years
Infant mortality rate has been cut by 2/3 (from 157 to 52 deaths per thousand live births).
Income per capita has nearly tripled.
Economic output has risen seven fold from $7 to 46 trillion.

4. Past 100 years 1.2 billion people live on less than $1 per day.
Income gap between richest and the poorest countries is enormous and growing.
The richest 800 people in the world have the same amount of money as the poorest 3 billion

5. Population Growth Ecosystems have been transformed for human uses.
Has placed great demands on the natural environment and will continue to do so.
Ecosystems have been transformed for human uses.
The waste products of our economy are polluting air, land, and water.

6. Population Growth Beginning of human history to the early 1800’s.
billion.
1930 – population doubles to 2 billion
1960 – 3 billion
1975 – 4 billion
1987 – 5 billion
1999 – 6 billion
2012 – 7 billion

7. Graph the world’s population
Year 0 – 300,000,000
1000 AD – 254,000,000
1500 AD – 460,000,000
What will be the population in 2024? 2047? 2200? 2500?

9. Patterns of Growth/Decline
Prior to 1800’s diseases that were fatal were more prevalent.
Reproductive rates were balanced with death rates
Black plague in 14th century

10. Growth/Decline 1960’s growth rate had peaked, then slowly declined
Population growth is largely contributed by new medical care.
Immunizations were developed to protect people from diseases.
People were treating drinking and sewage water
1930s- penicillin is introduced

11. Louis Pasteur Discovered that diseases are Transmittable.
Helped in developing
Treatments and vaccinations
For many diseases.

12. Reasons for Growth Lack of an education. Land to cultivate
Cultural norms, take pride.
No government support, financial or political, for family planning.

14. Developing/Developed Countries

15. Developed countries
The average American places at least 20 times the demand on Earth’s resources as does the average person in Bangladesh.
Consumption has lead to depletion of ozone, climate change and toxic waste accumulation.
U.S. makes up 5% of the world’s population and is responsible for 24% of emissions.

16. Developing Countries Have a lower living standard. Less income
Economy is not as developed.
Government may not be in tact.
Technology is not advanced

17. Environmental Impact I = P x A x T I – Environmental Impact
P – Population
A – Consumption Patterns
T – Technology of the society

18. Graphing terms
Linear growth – an increase in an amount that continues to rise at the same rate.
Exponential growth – a pattern that will continue to increase by multiplying the previous value by a constant factor.
Slope – Rise/Run
Carrying Capacity- The maximum population an ecosystem can support on a sustainable basis. Do we have one?
“R Value” – Rate of Growth

19. Population Demographics
Help determine multiple characteristics of a given population:
Race
Ethnicity
Religion
Age
Income
Location

20. Population Pyramid

21. Fertility Rate Population growth occurs when births outnumber deaths.
Without a high mortality rate, population growth is caused by births
Total fertility rate- average number of children each woman in a population has over her lifetime.
Fertility rate at 2 will keep a stable population

22. Thomas Malthus
Believed that unless population growth were controlled by laws or other social structures, the number of people would outgrow the available food supply until starvation, war or disease reduced the population.

23. New Land for Agriculture
To keep up with increasing demands, more land is needed to produce food supplies.
Forcing mass emigrations.
Cities provide employment
Can not provide
basic services.

24. Managing Population China, Thailand and India have created campaigns.
Public advertising
Family planning programs
Economic incentives
Legal punishments