The Constitution Unit 1 Chapter 3 Section 1, 3 and 4

Structure and Principles Simple and Brief in comparison –7,000 words Does not spell out every aspect –Work out details as they arose 3 Parts –1. Preamble –2. Articles –3. Amendments

The Preamble Introduction –Why the Constitution was written “We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” PL0g

The Articles 7, with each covering a general topic Article 1 = Legislative Branch –Establishes Congress -- as the first of the three branches of government –House of Representatives and Senate –Defines how members of Congress are to be elected, and how often Congress must meet –Establishes procedural rules of Congress –Establishes that members of Congress will be paid for their service, that members cannot be detained while traveling to and from meetings of Congress, and that members can hold no other elective office while serving in Congress –Defines the legislative process -- how bills become laws –Defines the powers of Congress –Defines the legal limitations on Congress' powers –Defines specific powers denied to the states

Article 2 = executive branch –President, duties, qualifications, election procedures, Vice President Article 3 = judicial branch –Supreme Court, lower federal courts, treason Article 4 = states –Relationship to one another and the national government Article 5 = Amending Constitution Article 6 = Supremacy Clause Article 7 = ratification by 9 states

The Amendments Changes 27

The Amendments 1st Amendment –Ensures the five basic freedoms: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom to assemble and freedom to petition the government to remedy ("redress") grievances 2nd Amendment –Ensures the right to own firearms ( defined by the Supreme Court as an individual right) 3rd Amendment –Ensures private citizens that they cannot be forced to house U.S.soldiers during peace 4th Amendment –Protects against police searches or seizures with out a warrant issued by a court and based on probable cause

5th Amendment –Establishes the rights of citizens accused of crimes 6th Amendment –Establishes the rights of citizens in regard to trials and juries 7th Amendment –Guarantees the right to trial by jury in federal civil court cases 8th Amendment –Protects against "cruel and unusual" criminal punishments and extraordinarily large fines 9th Amendment –States that just because a right is not specifically listed in the Constitution, does not mean that right should not be respected 10th Amendment –States that powers not granted to the federal government are granted either to the states or the people (the basis of federalism)

11th Amendment –Clarifies the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court 12th Amendment –Redefines how the Electoral College chooses the President and Vice President 13th Amendment –Abolishes slavery in all states 14th Amendment –Guarantees citizens of all states rights on both the state and federal level 15th Amendment –Prohibits the use of race as a qualification to vote 16th Amendment –Authorizes the collection of income taxes 17th Amendment –Specifies that U.S. Senators will be elected by the people, rather than the state legislatures 18th Amendment –Prohibited the sale or manufacture of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. (Prohibition)

19th Amendment –Prohibited the use of gender as a qualification to vote (Women's Suffrage) 20th Amendment –Creates new starting dates for sessions of Congress, addresses the death of Presidents before they are sworn in 21st Amendment –Repealed the 18th Amendment 22nd Amendment –Limits to two the number of 4-year terms a President can serve. 23rd Amendment –Grants the District of Columbia three electors in the Electoral College 24th Amendment –Prohibits the charging of a tax (Poll Tax) in order to vote in federal elections 25th Amendment –Further clarifies the process of presidential succession 26th Amendment –Grants 18-year olds the right to vote 27th Amendment –Establishes that laws raising the pay of members of Congress cannot take effect until after an election

Major Principles Popular sovereignty Federalism Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Judicial Review Limited Government