UNICEF IN INDIA NEW CHALLENGES AND CHANGING ROLE Dr. S.K. CHATURVEDI UNICEF

OVERVIEW Overview of the Situation of Children Changing programming environment for children Major constraints Role of the United Nations and UNICEF in India Summary of results to date

The Situation of Children in India: key findings

Uttar Pradesh Bihar Maharastra Madhya Pradesh West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Rajasthan Karnataka Gujarat Orissa Kerala Assam Pakistan Bangladesh Iran Vietnam Philippines Ethiopia DRC Thailand Myanmar Tanzania Sudan Uganda Canada Child population in millions Many states have child populations similar to large countries Population: 1,027 millionChildren 0-18: 380 million (37%) India : The scale of things...

India’s share of global challenge…

Summary of trends in India… Economic transformation without corresponding change in social development Expansion of social opportunities and change uneven, growing disparities (area, sex, caste and other characteristics)

Income Growth vs Child Survival Income Per capita Income in Rs Infant survival Number of children reaching The age of one per 100 live births

Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Child malnutrition in India Per cent National Average and Above (47 +) Source: NFHS 1 & 2, &

Goal 2: Universal Primary Education Children age 5-14 years currently attending school Source: MICS, 2000

Learning achievements in primary schools Pratichi Trust, West Bengal Only 1 in 14 children in class 3 and 4 who was not privately tutored could write their own name Urban schools in Vadodara and Mumbai 47% children in class IV reached math standard competence of First standard only Andhra Pradesh Only 12% children in class II to V could do single digit subtraction Jaunpur, UP age 7-14 in government schools 72% could do no numerical operations and 51% could not read simple sentences

Absence Rates, 2003 (%)

Out-of-school children are even more concentrated. Nearly three-quarters of all out-of-school children in the country are found in a mere 20% of villages (and 50% of districts).

Rural Urban Goal 4. Reduce child mortality: Infant Mortality Rate Source : National Family Health Survey , International Institute for Population Sciences, Bombay, India, 1995 National Family Health Survey , International Institute for Population Sciences, Bombay, India, 2000 Sample Registration System, Registrar General, India

51% 21%

% Children not Received Any Vaccine by Selected Characteristics Residence Education Standard of living Source: RCH Survey, 2002

> 1% among pregnant women > 5% among high risk groups < 5% among high risk groups Estimated 5.2 million people living with HIV (2005). Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

HIV Prevalence in India Pondichery Gujarat Karnataka Goa Lakshwadeep Dadra Nagar Haveli Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Kerala Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Punjab Rajasthan Daman & Diu J & K Haryana Uttar Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Delhi Chandigarh Bihar West Bengal Orissa Andaman & Nicobar Mizoram Meghalaya Assam Sikkim Manipur Tripura Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Source: NACO, 2005 > 1% Antenatal Women < 1% Antenatal Women 111 high prevalence districts 5.2 m Adults estimated to living with HIV

Estimated No. of people living with HIV Source: Report of the global AIDS epidemic

Regional Specificity HIV +U5MR

Percentage of ST Population Districts of India 2001

Summary of Developments with Potential Impact on Children

…but this is still low in comparison to other developing countries