Fitness & Organ Systems D. Crowley, 2007

Fitness & Organ Systems To be able to relate fitness to organ systems in our bodies Saturday, March 12, 2016

Respiration What do you know about respiration? What is needed to live? Do all organisms require the same thing? In pairs, discuss any facts you know in the next two minutes

Respiration “Respiration is breathing in and out” “Plants photosynthesise but animals respire” “During respiration, oxygen is produced” “During respiration, energy is produced” Although these comments may sound correct, every single one is wrong These are common misconceptions, ‘banana skins’ of the SATs

Respiration Respiration takes place in the cells (it is not “breathing in and out”) Respiration is the release of energy (from glucose) in our cells Animals and plants respire In the light plants respire, but produce the oxygen for this to occur by photosynthesis - the carbon dioxide they produce via respiration is used for photosynthesis In the dark plants respire, producing carbon dioxide

Equation Remember, in a reaction: reactants  products glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + (energy) C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + (energy) Respiration is the process of converting glucose to energy, occurring in every cell Respiration needs oxygen and glucose We also have to remove the waste product carbon dioxide

Respiration Reactants Glucose is needed for respiration Food we eat is digested producing small molecules, absorbed across the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream. Glucose, a type of carbohydrate from food, is carried around the body dissolved in plasma, the pale yellow liquid part of our blood. The dissolved glucose can diffuse into the cells of the body from the capillaries.

Respiration Reactants Oxygen is needed for respiration In the lungs, oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream from the air, and is carried by red blood cells. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which joins onto oxygen and carries it around the body in the blood, then lets it go when necessary. Like glucose, oxygen can diffuse into cells from the capillaries.

Systems There are a variety of organ systems which work in order for respiration to occur. These include: - –Respiratory system (lungs; trachea; alveoli) –Circulatory system (heart; veins; arteries; capillaries) –Digestive system (stomach; small intestine; oesophagus) –Skeletal system

Systems

Functions –Respiratory (breathing) system (lungs; trachea; alveoli) - helps with absorbing oxygen from the air, and removing the waste carbon dioxide –Circulatory system (heart; veins; arteries; capillaries) - helps transport materials necessary for respiration –Digestive system (stomach; small intestine; oesophagus) - helps digest and absorb food for respiration –Skeletal system - helps support parts of the body

Task Your task is to write / draw and explain the journey of an oxygen molecule, from the air to an exercising leg muscle You then need to write the journey for a glucose molecule, from a piece of food to the exercising leg It is vital you add your scientific knowledge of what systems are involved - e.g. the respiratory; digestive; circulatory; skeletal system

Unfit Now relate someone being unfit to your new knowledge about organ systems Why are some people unfit, in terms of the organ system - e.g. someone who smokes is unfit because their respiratory system gets destroyed by… meaning… Write down some reasons why people are called unfit, and explain why using your knowledge of organ systems…