Valley High School Chapter 25 Study Guide

1 What were E bonds used for? To help raise money for the war.

2 Who were the African American military unit that flew planes in W.W. II? The Tuskegee Airmen.

3 What was the first peacetime draft in American history? The Selective Service and Training Act

4 What was the name of the bomber that dropped the first atomic bomb? Enola Gay

5 What was the purpose of rationing? To limit availability of consumer products

6 What was the name of the Japanese American military unit? 442 nd Regimental Combat Team

7 What was the name of the French beach in Normandy stormed by American invasion forces? Omaha

8 Where was the first time American troops had to fight the German army in North Africa? Kasserine Pass

9 What was D-Day? Beginning of Operation Overlord

10 What industry made over a third of all military equipment during the war? Automobile

11 What does “Double V” campaign refer to? Victory over Hitler’s racism and victory over racism at home.

12 Where was the first time that Japanese used kamikaze attacks? Leyte Gulf

13 Where did the Bataan Death March occur? In the Philippines

14 What was the key to the American success at Midway? Breaking the Japanese Navy’s secret code.

15 Why was the capture of Stalingrad important to Hitler? Because he wanted to destroy the Soviet economy.

16 Why did migrant farm workers become an important part of the Southwest’s agricultural system? Because of the Bracero Program

17 What did the Supreme Court rule in Korematsu v. the United States? That the relocation of Japanese Americans was constitutional because it was based on military urgency.

18 What was the result of the Allied attack on Sicily? The Italian king arrested Mussolini.

19 Why did the U.S. Marines have severe casualties at Tarawa? Because the shallow reef prevented many landing craft from reaching shore.

20 What was V-E Day? Victory in Europe

21 Who led the troops that rescued the Americans trapped at Bastogne? George Patton

22 Who, upon evacuating the Philippines, said “I shall return”? Douglas MacArthur

23 Who was the director of the WAC? Oveta Culp Hobby

24 Who signed a letter to Roosevelt warning that powerful bombs may be constructed using uranium (atomic bomb)? Albert Einstein

25 Who was Benjamin O. Davis? Highest-ranking African American officer in the U.S. Army during W.W. II.

26 Who led the American team of engineers and scientists building the atomic bomb? Robert Oppenheimer

27 Who was the head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters who pressured Roosevelt to provide jobs for African Americans in defense factories? A. Philip Randolph

28 Who was Chester Nimitz? Commander of the United States Navy in the Pacific.

29 Who said, “I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me”? Harry S. Truman

30 Who was in overall command of the invasion of France? Dwight D. Eisenhower

31 What was the cost-plus system? Sped up war production providing larger profits for companies that worked fast and produced a lot.

32 Why were most Liberty ships hard to sink? They were welded rather than riveted.

33 During World War II, why were women recruited into the military? To release men for combat.

34 What was Japan’s goal in attacking Midway Island? To destroy the American fleet there.

35 Why did Roosevelt create the Fair Employment Practices Commission? To enforce nondiscrimination in hiring workers in defense industries.

36 As a result of a presidential order allowing the military to declare any part of the U.S. to be a military zone, what happened to many Japanese Americans? They were put in internment camps.

37 What were “blue points” and “red points”? A system for rationing goods.

38 Why did the Allies place inflated rubber tanks, empty tents, and dummy landing craft along the coast of Britain? To convince the Germans that the Allies planned to land their invasion forces in Pas- de-Calais.

39 Why was Iwo Jima an important objective for the American military? Because U.S. planes could bomb Japan from there.

40 How did the U.S. cause massive fires in Tokyo? By dropping bombs filled with napalm.

41 What finally put an end to the Great Depression? World War II

42 Who were the “Big Three” and where were they from? Stalin (Soviet Union) Roosevelt (United States) Churchill (Great Britain)

43 What was the Manhattan Project? The American program to build an atomic bomb.

44 What was the name of the city that the U.S. first dropped an atomic bomb on? Hiroshima

45 What was the name of the second city that the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on? Nagasaki

46 What were the names of the two atomic bombs dropped on Japan? Little Boy and Fat Man

47 What was a kamikaze? A Japanese pilot that deliberately crashed their planes into American ships.

48 When was D-Day? June 6, 1944

49 What was the turning point of the war in the Pacific? The Battle of Midway

50 Of all the major powers involved in the war, who had the fewest casualties in combat? The United States.