1. Panama Canal, World War I, & The Great Depression Notes

2. Alaska & Hawaii 1. How did Alaska become a state? Alaska was offered to the U.S.A by Russia; Americans thought it was a bad idea, but changed their mind when they saw that it was rich in fish, forests, and minerals. Gold was also found there.

3. 2. How did Hawaii become a state? American plantation owners led a revolt that forced Queen Liliuokalani (ruler of Hawaii) out of power; became a territory in 1959 (50 th state)

4. The Spanish-American War 3. What was the Spanish-American War? -a war between Spain and the United States. 4. What was the cause of the Spanish- American War? -American newspapers exaggerating in the newspapers saying the ship, Maine, was blown up by Spain

5. Theodore Roosevelt & the Rough Riders 4. Explain the importance of Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War. -supported imperialism ( colonies build strong empires by adding colonies); quit job and helped fight with group of called Rough Riders; Buffalo Soldiers (African American Soldiers) also helped; U.S.A won Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam; later became President

6. Panama Canal 5. Describe the importance of the Panama Canal. - A canal linking and Atlantic and Pacific oceans; would save ships, the long expensive trip around the southern tip of the east coast to the west coast; narrow strip of land in Central America; Theodore Roosevelt was President at this time.

8. The Harlem Renaissance 6. Describe the Harlem Renaissance. - started in neighborhood in New York City named Harlem in the 1920s. ; this time period had many amazing accomplishments in art, music, literature, and learning; was also known as the “Negro Movement”

9. A.Louis Armstrong – a singer and trumpeter; helped to make jazz popular in the 1920s. B.Langston Hughes- innovator or jazz poetry, activist, and novelist. C.Duke Ellington- a bandleader who played the piano and composed songs. D.Babe Ruth- broke barriers in baseball. E.Zora Neal Hurston- wrote short stories and novels a bout African Americans

10. 7. Explain the Jazz Age. - the Harlem Renaissance was also known as the Jazz age; this was music that involved improvisation (musicians decide which notes to play as they perform); helped made famous by artists like Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong; heard over the radio. 8. How did the radio become popular? families gathered around the radio to listen to music, comedy shows, mystery stories, soap operas, and advertisements

11. World War I 9. What were the causes of World War I? A. Nationalism- the belief that your country deserves more success than others. B. Militarism- the building of a strong military to frighten or defeat other countries. C. Alliances- agreements between nations to support and defend each other.

12. 10. How did the United States enter World War I? - a German submarine sank the Lusitania; this was a British passenger ship with many Americans on board; after this, Germany agreed not to attack any more passenger ships; 1917- Germany broke this promise and attacked American U.S ships.

13. 11. How did people on both sides fight during World War I? A. trench warfare- long narrow ditches, crouched down in the trenches for protection and fired their weapons from there.

14. 12. What were some of the new weapons used during World War I? A. machine guns B. hand grenades C. cannon shells D. submarine E. tank F. poison gas G. airplanes

15. 13. Explain some of the events that was going on the home front. -African Americans & women took jobs that were normally held by men. 14. Why did Americans ration supplies? - to create more supplies for the soldiers; government set limits on the amount of goods civilians could have, such as meat

16. 15. How did propaganda shape people’s thinking during World War I? - the government used posters and other items to shape the thinking of people’s thinking during the war; For example, sending food to soldiers and or joining war effort.

17. 16. What is an armistice? It was an agreement to stop fighting; Central Powers (Germany) realized that they could not win the war and signed an armistice; war ended in 1918. 17. Describe the Treaty of Versailles. - a treaty to end the war; Allied leaders used this treaty to punish Germany; Germany lost colonies, gave land to France, and paid money to Allied countries.

18. 18. What is isolationism? - people who want to stay out of world events and conflicts whenever they could

19. America Booms 19. What happened after World War I? - people went back to work and tried to return to some kind of “normalcy”; America went through a “boom” (a period of fast economic growth); international trade and borrowed money from European nations and their repayments helped make the U.S rich.

20. 20. Who was Henry Ford? What did he do? - an entrepreneur who added to boom by making cars in a new way; founded the Ford Motor Company; company used mass production- (making many products at once)

21. 21. Explain the assembly line and division of labor. - an assembly line is a long line of workers and equipment; each worker has a different job; this way of organizing work is called division of labor, each worker or group of workers have one small task in a big project; made production more efficient.

22. 23. Explain stock and the stock market. - stocks are shares of ownership in a company; stock market where stocks are bought and sold;

23. 24. What were some of the new technologies and how did it change lives? A. vacuum cleaner B. Model T C. washing machines -made household chores easier; women didn’t have to spend day doing chores 25. Explain the term “The Roaring Twenties”. - people felt as life was roaring forward like a speeding car; many people did things that they never did before.

24. 26. What were two ways women’s lives changed during the 1920s? - Nineteenth Amendment- allows women to vote. - many women went off to work outside of the home

25. The Great Depression 27. Explain the Great Depression. -stock market crashed in 1929 due to stocks losing their values; this made banks recall people who owed them for loans and when the people couldn’t pay, the banks closed; many people lost their money in banks including their savings; Bank failures was a big cause of the Great Depression

26. 28. What were some of the effects of the Great Depression? A. Unemployment increased because employers didn’t have the money to pay workers. B. People lost their houses and could no longer buy food and other goods. C. Many people had to live in shanties or shacks

27. D. Farmers lost land because they couldn’t pay their debts (specifically sharecroppers); a severe drought on the Great Plains in the early 1930s made things worse making crops hard to grow.

28. Fixing the Economy 29. Who was Herbert Hoover? - President during the Great Depression; was blamed for the Depression; believed that the economy would improve on its own so Federal Government should not do much.

29. 30. Who was Franklin Delano Roosevelt? - President after Hoover who took action and created programs to help people who were suffering; 31. Describe some of the New Deal Programs. -programs that Roosevelt though would help economy. A. Tennessee Valley Authority- building dams for hydroelectricity for rural areas in southeast

30. B. Civilian Conservation Corps- conserve, protect natural environment; trees were planted, cleared hiking trails, and etc… C. Works Progress Administration- hired to build streets, parks, libraries, and schools; also painted murals on public buildings and hired authors to write books about places in U.S.A

31. D. Social Security-provides money to people over the age of 65; also helps people with disabilities and cannot work E. Minimum Wage- lowest amount of money most workers can be paid Georgia Minimum Wage: $5.25 an hour Federal Minimum Wage: $7.25 an hour

32. Culture in the 1930s 32. Who is Margaret Mitchell? -writer from Atlanta, wrote Gone with the Wind; very popular novel 33. Who is Jesse Owens? - a track star who won four gold metals in 1936 Olympics.