1. The Ancient ROMANS timeline Ancient Times - Trojans live in Troy (Turkey) Trojan War/ Aeneis and family found/establish Rome Julius Caesar rules Rome Battle of Actium (Octavian vs. Mark Antony) Emperor Augustus / The Pax Romana The Fall of Rome (barbarians / split)

2. The Ancient Romans -The Trojan War The Achaeans (ancient Greeks) and the Trojans (ancient Romans) fought in Anatolia around 1200 B.C. The Achaeans tricked the Trojans using the Trojan Horse. Aeneis and his family fled Troy and established a new settlement in Italy which became Rome.

3. The Roman Senate The Roman form of government that developed was called the Roman Senate. Originally the senate was run only by the patricians who were wealthy noblemen. Each year, the senate chose two consuls to lead the senate together.

4. The Struggle of the Orders Eventually the plebians, or common people, grew tired of being ruled by the wealthy patricians. They staged a strike-like protest by moving out of Rome and setting up camp nearby. The patricians were forced to compromise and give the plebians representatives in the Roman Senate.

5. The Twelve Tables of Law The patricians and plebians also agreed that their laws and rules should be written down and made public so that they were known by everyone and could not be secretly changed. They called these original written laws, the Twelve Tables of Law.

6. ROME - Julius Caesar Julius Caesar began as a soldier and general in the Roman Legion. He was well-known and well-liked by the Roman people. The Roman Senate first sent him to conquer the Gauls to the north of Rome. They later sent him to explore present- day Germany and Great Britain. But eventually, Caesar wanted to return to Rome to pursue politics. This worried some senators. They ordered him to disband his army or not return to Rome. He disobeyed, crossed the Rubicon River, and a short civil war began during which Caesar became emperor of Rome.

7. ROME - Julius Caesar Caesar ruled as emperor for many years in Rome. He made some improvements and reforms. But eventually, some younger senators (Cassius and Brutus) wanted to seize (take) power for themselves and Caesar was murdered in the senate chamber.

8. Octavian vs. Mark Antony When Caesar was murdered, two men were set to take the throne of Rome, his nephew, Octavian, and a popular general Mark Antony. They agreed to share rule of the empire, but this did not last for long... Octavian Mark Antony

9. The Battle of Actium Mark Antony went to Egypt and fell in love with Cleopatra. The two made plans to invade Rome. When Octavian heard of the plan, he sent his navy to respond. The two parts of Rome faced off in an epic sea battle. In the end, Octavian won and was crowned Emperor Augustus, the sole ruler of Rome.

10. The Roman Legion Rome built a strong army called the Roman Legion. The soldiers were called Legionnaires. Rome expanded to control a vast empire surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.

11. The Roman Legion Rome learned many military techniques from the people they conquered such as the testudo or tortoise formation.

12. The Roman Legion Rome learned about many different weapons from their enemies as well like the scorpion and the ballista.