1. BONE FRACTURES Mr. Mackay

2. Factors that influence severity include the degree and direction of the force, the particular bone involved, and the person’s age and general health. Broken bones take around four to eight weeks to heal, depending on the age, health of the individual, and the type of break.

3. Symptoms The symptoms of a bone fracture depend on the particular bone and the severity of the injury, but may include: Pain, with sweating and a pale face Swelling Bruising Deformity Inability to use the limb.

4. Types of Fractures Greenstick fracture: –Bone sustains a small, slender crack. –This type of fracture is more common in children, due to the comparative flexibility of their bones. Simple/Transverse: –The broken bone hasn’t pierced the skin & is @ 90deg’s.

5. Types of Fractures 5 Comminuted fracture: –Bone is shattered into small pieces. This type of complicated fracture tends to heal at a slower rate. Pathological fracture: –Bones weakened by various diseases (such as osteoporosis or cancer) tend to break with very little force.

6. Types of Fractures Avulsion fracture: Powerful muscle contractions can wrench the tendon free, and pull out pieces of bone. This type of fracture is more common in the knee and shoulder joints. 6

7. Types of Fractures Compression Fracture: Occurs when two bones are forced against each other. The bones of the spine, are prone to this type of fracture. 7

8. Types of Fractures Compound fracture: or ‘open’ fracture. –The broken bone juts through the skin, or a wound leads to the fracture site. –The risk of infection is higher with this type of fracture. 8

9. Osteoporosis 9 Osteoporosis is a disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break. Typical breaks occur in the hip, spine and wrist. Primary Osteoporosis: It is typically due to advancing age, decreased estrogen levels, poor calcium intake, sedentary lifestyle. Secondary Osteoporosis. Loss of bone resulting from a chronic health condition such as hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, cancer.

10. Epiphyseal Injuries Injury to the growing ends of young bones. In a growing child, a serious injury to a joint is more likely to damage a growth plate than the ligaments that stabilize the joint.

11. Fractures

12. Epiphyseal Injuries Injury to the growing ends of young bones. In a growing child, a serious injury to a joint is more likely to damage a growth plate than the ligaments that stabilize the joint.

13. Bone Breaks https://youtu.be/elxG7fbk6_Y 13