1. URBAN CANADA

2. The Multiplier Effect…  Cities grow because of the multiplier effect  Industry and business attract new people to an area  This increases the population and thus the demand for goods and services of all kinds  The net result is that the entire city grows even larger Big Nickel / INCO Sudbury, ON Sudbury grew, in part, due to the discovery of, well…nickel. Fort McMurray, Alta Discovery of oil sands.

3. Central Places / Cities  Cities are often referred to as central places or centres

4. Types of Central Places / Cities 1. Service Centres…  Cities referred to as CMAs (Census Metropolitan Areas)  Service centres offer a variety of goods and services to people in the surrounding area  These are called central place functions because they take place in a central location  Ex. Toronto, Montreal, Waterloo Toronto Waterloo

5. Types of Central Places / Cities 2. Manufacturing Centres…  Centres whose main purpose is the production of consumer goods  Manufacturing tends to grow in areas with adequate labour and transportation facilities  Ex. Hamilton, Windsor Stelco Steel Mill in Hamilton, Ontario. On Lake Ontario Windsor, ON on the Detroit River (part of the Great Lakes System)

6. Types of Central Places / Cities 3. Port Cities…  A large portion of Canada’s trade is done by ship  Port cities act as terminals for land transportation routes and are key trans-shipment points  Ex. Halifax, St. John’s, Vancouver Port of Halifax, part of Canada’s ‘Atlantic Gateway’ transportation network. Port of St. John’s, Nfld. Port of Vancouver, BC; note the water/railyard trans-shipment point

7. Types of Central Places / Cities 4. Railway Cities…  Act as a terminal along railway routes  They receive goods from the surrounding area and ship them by train to larger urban centres  Ex. Winnipeg, Edmonton CP Rail grain train on the prairies heading to Winnipeg Winnipeg’s rich railway history Edmonton’s CN yard

8. Types of Central Places / Cities 5. Resource-Based Towns…  They exist because of the presence of a useful natural resource in the immediate area  Some, like Sudbury, are located in more populated areas  Others, like Fort Nelson, are called frontier towns and are in remote areas (near the resource)  Ex. Sudbury, Fort Nelson, BC Sudbury, ON. The city grew largely due to the multiplier effect stemming from the mining of nickel. Fort Nelson, hub of the ‘Fort Nelson Forest District’ in NE British Columbia (bordering Yukon, NWT and Alberta). City exists due to the logging industry.