2. Three Sections of the Cell
All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce
3 main sections
1) Plasma membrane
2) Nucleus
3) Cytoplasm 2 3
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts ER
Golgi Body
Lysosomes 1

3. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material inside of the cell
Most organelles float within
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts ER
Golgi Body
Lysosomes

4. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material inside of the cell
Most organelles float within
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts ER
Golgi Body
Lysosomes
The green spheres are chloroplasts located inside a plant cell… you will see this in our lab activity!

5. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material inside of the cell
Most organelles float within
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts ER
Golgi Body
Lysosomes
Job: Help dissolve solutes & move materials around

6. Plasma Membrane Aka: Cell Membrane Job: Allow materials to enter/exit
inside
outside
Aka: Cell Membrane
Job: Allow materials to enter/exit
Composition: Lipids & proteins
Semi-Permeable: only specific materials may enter and exit through pores & protein channels

7. Nucleus Job: Controls cell activity Inside: 1) Chromatin
long strands of DNA
holds info to make proteins
2) Nucleolus: makes ribosomes

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Aka: ER
Rough ER: Tunnel system that transports ribosomes and proteins
Smooth ER: makes fats & breaks down toxins (no ribosomes)

9. Ribosomes Created by nucleolus Transported by the rough ER
Job: make proteins

10. Ribosomes Created by nucleolus Transported by the rough ER
protein
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acid
Created by nucleolus
Transported by the rough ER
Job: make proteins

11. Golgi Apparatus Job: Package and transport proteins out of the cell
Protein Creation Process Review
1) Nucleolus makes a ribosome
2) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER
3) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and exports them

12. Golgi Body in action
Vesicle expels the proteins (blue dots) from the cell
Golgi body is placing proteins (yellow dots) into protective vesicles

13. 1 minute: Discuss with your neighboor
Which organelle builds proteins?
Stores DNA?
Produces ribosomes?
Creates fats and breaks down toxins?
Packages and releases proteins from a cell?
Allows material to enter/exit a cell?
Moves molecules around the inside of a cell? (three acceptable answers)
ribosome
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Smooth ER
Golgi body
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm, Rough ER, Vesicles

14. 1 minute: Discuss with your neighboor
Place the following steps of protein creation in order from start to finish…. A: Golgi body packages and exports the finished proteins in a vesicle B: Ribosomes travel along the rough ER and create proteins C: Nucleolus makes ribosomes D: Ribosomes exit the nucleus

15. The Answer is….
Place the following steps of protein creation in order from start to finish…. C: Nucleolus makes ribosomes D: Ribosomes exit the nucleus B: Ribosomes travel along the rough ER and create proteins A: Golgi body packages and exports the finished proteins in a vesicle

16. Mitochondria “Powerhouse”
Job: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular respiration

17. Mitochondria “Powerhouse”
Job: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular respiration
Endosymbiosis theory: once free living organisms that became parts of modern cells
Evidence:
Own DNA & ribosomes
Make proteins

18. Mitochondria “Powerhouse”
Job: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular respiration
Endosymbiosis theory: were once free living organisms that became parts of modern cells
Evidence:
Own DNA & ribosomes
Make proteins
Replicate
split into two cells.
Here is a mitochondrion about to…

19. Endosymbiosis Mitochondria ancestor
The predator cells continue to divide, splitting apart the mitochondria
A large predator cell devours the mitochondria ancestor
Mitochondria survive and divide
The mitochondria continue to divide and multiply
Over time, the mitochondria and larger cell become dependent on one another
The predator cell divides, splitting apart the mitochondria

20. Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes Jobs:
1) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell
This lysosome is destroying a mitochondrion

21. Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes Jobs:
1) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell
2) Break down food
protein
cell p r o t e i n
Lysosome
(with enzymes inside)

22. Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes Jobs:
bacteria
Contain digestive enzymes
Jobs:
1) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell
2) Break down food
3) Kill bacteria
white blood cell
white blood cell
bacteria
Lysosome
(with enzymes inside)

23. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
There are thousands of cilia surrounding this one cell. Lets zoom in for a closer look.
You can now see the individual cilia

24. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few) 1 2 3
This cell has 3 flagella

25. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few) 1 2 8 3 4 5 6 7
This cell has 8 flagella

26. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
Sperm cells have only 1 flagellum

27. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
This sperm cell is about to penetrate an egg cell.

28. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
The fertilized egg will grow into a fetus

29. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
9 months later…..

30. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
About 14 years later….

31. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
4 years from now (hopefully)…

32. Cilia & Flagella Job: movement
Cilia = short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)

33. Cell Wall Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells
Job: Adds support for growth
Made of tough cellulose
Hard to digest
Witnessed by Robert Hooke in 1665
Cell membrane
The cell wall is all that remains in cork

34. Chloroplast Job: Perform photosynthesis
Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & convert water and CO2 into sugars
Endosymbiosis theory: were once free living organisms that became parts of modern cells
Evidence:
Own DNA and ribosomes
Make proteins
Replicate
chloroplast

35. Chloroplast Job: Perform photosynthesis
Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & convert water and CO2 into sugars
Endosymbiosis theory: were once free living organisms that became parts of modern cells
Evidence:
Own DNA and ribosomes
Make proteins
Replicate
Look for them flowing in the cytoplasm during our lab activity!

36. Endosymbiosis Chloroplast ancestor
The predator cells continue to divide, splitting apart the chloroplasts
Chloroplast survives and divides
A large predator cell devours the chloroplast ancestor
The chloroplasts continue to divide and multiply
Over time, the chloroplast and larger cell become dependent on one another
The predator cell divides, splitting apart the chloroplasts

37. Vacuole Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments
nucleus B A
chloroplast C
Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments
Plant cells: Large central vacuole
Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuoles

38. Kobe Kuiz Pick an organelle…any organelle. Describe its function.
Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm.
Describe the pathway that proteins travel from creation to exportation.
List various reasons to help support the theory of endosymbiosis.
Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not.
Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells?
Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar?
Which organelle creates ribosomes?
Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release proteins?
Which molecule holds the information to make a protein?