1. Cell Organelles and Functions

2. Nucleus Structure Function: The Information Center of the Cell
Contains
Chromatin (DNA)
Nucleolus
Surrounded by
Nuclear Envelope (w/ pores)
Function: The Information Center of the Cell

3. The Nucleus

4. Chromatin Structure: Function: A thread-like mass of DNA and Protein
Chromatin becomes Chromosome during cell reproduction
Function:
contains information for building proteins (enzymes, channels, cell structural components)

5. Chromatin

6. Nucleolus Structure: Spherical mass of DNA and RNA
Functions: Making ribosomes

7. Nuclear Envelope Structure: Lipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleus
Function: Controls what goes in and out of nucleus; protects DNA

8. Nuclear Pores
Structure: Protein channels found in the nuclear envelope
Function: Allows information to go to the cytoplasm

9. Ribosomes Structure: Tiny proteins/RNA
Function: assemble amino acids into protein strands

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure: Membrane network
Function: transport substances throughout the cell.
Rough
Ribosomes attached
Transports proteins
Smooth
No ribosomes attached
Transports fats, etc

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Rough

12. Golgi Body Structure: Flattened disks of membrane
Function: involved with packaging cell products for export. Can create vesicles

13. Vesicles (Vacuoles)
Structure: Membrane bound spheres created by Golgi, ER or Cell Membrane
Function: Store water/wastes/food; some are involved in delivering things in and out of the cell

14. Lysosome Structure: a special type of vesicle
Function: attaches to other organelles and injects them with digestive enzymes.

15. Plasma “Cell” Membrane
Structure:
Made of phospholipids which are special fats that have a charge
Also has proteins that act as channels and binders
Function:
Separates cell contents from the outside
Directs movement of things in and out.

16. Plasma Membrane

17. Cytoskeleton (Microtubules)
Structure: Thin rods and tubes of protein
Function: Serve for internal support and transport

18. Cytoplasm
Structure: An aqueous mixture (called cytosol) that contains everything between the nucleus and membrane
Function: Most things happen there

19. Centrosome
Structure: in animal cells, a paired bundle of protein filaments called CENTRIOLES. Plants don’t have anything at the centrosome.
Function: directs the growth of cytoskeleton, especially during cell reproduction.
centriole

20. Mitochondria Structure:
Bean shaped organelle (has a double membrane – all the way)
Function:
Site of cellular respiration (process of getting energy from food)
C6H 12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP)

21. Mitochondria

22. Plant Cell Parts
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Central Vacuole

23. Cell Wall
Structure: Protective outer layer made of cellulose primarily
Function: provides structural support for plants.

24. Chloroplast
Membrane bound organelle which contains the green pigment Chlorophyll, which can convert sunlight into chemical energy.
Site of Photosynthesis in plants

25. Central Vacuole Structure:
Large vesicle that takes up much of the area of the plant cell.
Function:
Digestion occurs here and waste excretion
Provides “turgor pressure” for the cell, allowing it to stay stiff, not wilted.

28. The Animal Cell