1. The Thirty Years’ War 1618-1648 Antonio de Pereda, The Relief of Genoa by the Second Marquis of Santa Cruz, 1634-1635.

2. Bell-Ringer: Think, Pair, Share Make a list of all the reasons you can think of why people and countries go to war. Now, with a partner, share your lists of reasons why people go to war. From these lists, make a list of reasons that you both think are good and just reasons for anybody to go to war.

3. Origins -Before 1618, Lutherans, Calvinists, and Catholics were in the middle of a war of words with one another through pamphlets. -In 1618, this all changed. In Prague (current capital of the Czech Republic), a Protestant mob grabbed the Catholic governors of the state and threw them out the window of the castle. -The Catholic governors, insulted, demanded that the Protestant mob be immediately punished. -Catholic and Protestant rulers across Europe quickly began to take sides in the dispute, form alliances, and build their armies.

5. Protestant mob tossing out Catholic governors of Prague during what is now known as the defenestration of Prague, 1618.

6. Wait. Why out the window? -The Reformation & Counter Reformation of the 1500s had divided Germany into hostile Protest and Catholic factions. -Protestants became angry when Ferdinand, the Catholic Habsburg prince of Poland, Austria, and Hungary was elected king of the Protestant territory of Bohemia. -The staunchly Protestant Bohemian nobility had opposed Ferdinand’s election, and when Ferdinand began to suppress Protestantism in Bohemia, they rebelled.

7. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia.

8. Who was involved? Protestant States Bohemia Great Britain Dutch Republic Denmark Sweden (after 1630) France (after 1635) Roman Catholic States Bavaria Spain Holy Roman Empire Austria Hungary

9. The Thirty Years’ War started as a war fought in the 1620s mostly by German states with foreign assistance. It would become a great struggle among great powers (Sweden, France, Spain, Austria) fought largely on German soil. From Humble Beginnings...

10. Artist’s depiction of the Battle of Rocroi, fought in France on May 19, 1643.

13. Jacques Callot, The Miseries and Misfortunes of War (1633). This illustration shows the rape, torture, and pillaging inflicted by soldiers on non-combatants they found in their path.

14. War is hell...this one was no different. What started from humble beginnings turned into a “dirty war” as the great powers did anything to support themselves and destroy anything of possible use to their enemies. It is estimated that 20% of Germany’s population perished during this war--which would not be met until World War II!

15. Fin -After 30 years of warfare, the battle-weary forces reluctantly sat down. -After a long debate, they signed the Peace of Westphalia (1648). -The treaty basically divided up Europe into the Protestant and Catholic states we know today. -Most of northern Europe remained Protestant; most of southern Europe remained Catholic.

16. Gerard ter Borch, Ratification of the Treaty of Munster, c. 1648. This, along with the Treaty of Osnabruck, are known as the Peace of Westphalia.

18. LET’S POP! 1.What country did most of the fighting take place during the Thirty Year’s War? 2.What two religions were at odds? 3.Which of the following caused these problems? a. The Renaissanceb. The Reformation 4. How long did this war last?