1. THE COLD WAR

3. Brandenburg Gate

4. Quadriga Victoria

5. East Berlin West Berlin

8. Cold War After WWII France, Brittan, the Dutch, China and most other European nations suffered economically. Only the USA left the war with an economic boom and a dominating military power. This caused conflict between America and many other nations. (3 rd world nations)

9. USA and U.N. to the Rescue Immediately after the war the UN supplied relief to the war torn parts of Asia and Europe. – Trying to mend some relations The USA sent billions of $ to the UN to help finance the rebuilding of Europe and Asia. – Britain itself borrowed almost $4 Billion from the USA to pay for food.

10. USA Running Japan As part of the Japan Surrender Treaty signed on the USS Missouri, Japan came under allied control.  Dwight Eisenhower as supreme controller of the allied occupational powers controlled Japan during the occupation for approximately 8 months!  Japanese Sign Final Surrender Japanese Sign Final Surrender  Soviets, Poland, and Czechoslovakia opposed this plan and refused to sign the treaty  April 28 th 1952 US officially ended the war with Japan and ALSO ended the US Occupation of Japan  Japan then signed treaties with most of the allied countries allowing them (the allied countries) to keep troops in Japan.

11. Backtrack Setting the Stage for Cold War

12. Berlin Split USA, France, Britain, and Russia all shared occupation duties in Germany London Protocol 1944 – Berlin was split into 3 sectors. (4 later) – USA, Britain, and Russia all occupying a party of Germany France came in later – USA, France, and Britain’s section of Berlin was in Soviet controlled area of Germany

13. Potsdam Conference 1945

14. Allied powers authorized an “orderly and humane” transfer of ethnic Germans from Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary to mainland Germany. (But this was put on hold) – Caused torture of the Germans (men/women/children) – Germans forced to wear arm bands and died while being forced to work in labor camps – Over 2 million Germans died during this slow “transportation” period Potsdam Conference 1945

15. Big goal was Denazification – Eliminating all traces of the Nazi’s in Germany – Eradicating Nazi influences in society, culture, press, economy, judiciary and visual aspects. – Removed all Swastikas – Harsh treatment was given to supposed German Nazi’s (induced famine) Hard to police. YouTube - Nuremberg: Denazification and Nazi Trials YouTube - Nuremberg: Denazification and Nazi Trials

16. Morgenthau Plan Created by Henry Morgenthau Jr. (U.S. Secretary of Treasury) A plan to ensure that Germany wouldn’t be able to wage war. Destroyed it’s industrial capabilities Set up the framework for putting War Criminals on Trial. Precursor for the Nuremburg War Trials

17. Nuremburg Trials Held in Nuremburg in 1945-1946 22 former Nazi officials were put on trial for War Crimes. – 19 Convicted – 12 sentenced to be hanged (only 10 hung) Long Drop vs. Standard Drop No firing squad for military officials – YouTube - 21 Nazi Chiefs Guilty, Nuremberg Trials 1946/10/8 YouTube - 21 Nazi Chiefs Guilty, Nuremberg Trials 1946/10/8

18. USA Refurbishes Japan Under the treaty with Japan. USA required Japan to destroy all military weapons. – Japan would be protected by the USA’s military force. (Specifically our nuclear capabilities) USA completely set up and modernized Japanese industry, management, and quality control. In less than 30 years Japan became a viable international economy.

19. 1945 Bombing of Japan

20. Aftermath of the Atomic Bomb

21. Aftermath In Japan from the Atomic Bomb

22. Japan 2009

27. Detroit 2009

28. Groundwork for Cold War YALTA 1945 Joseph Stalin—Soviet Union Franklin D. Roosevelt—USA Winston Churchill—Great Britain Discussed plans for final strike in Europe. How they would handle Germany (post war) – Divide into 4 zones, Joint occupation of Berlin United Nations Official Existence- Oct. 24 th 1945

29. Yalta…Hot Points Poland: – Soviets wanted the government in Lublin (Communist Government) to be the governing body of Poland. (Soviets had very strong geographical/economic interests in Poland. – Britain wanted the London Government to rule Poland. – USA compromised: Lublin would be the government of Poland. Stalin would agree to “free & unrestrained” elections Stalin agreed to hold the elections at “some time”. Lublin would also have “other” political leaders as well.