1. Greek Philosophers

2. Philosophers – “lovers of wisdom” Sophists – “workers of wisdom” – Teachers – Teachers phileo = love sophia = wisdom If sophia = wisdom and moron = fool, then a sophomore is a “wise fool.”

3. Pythagoras 582-500 B.C. The universe could only be understood thru numbers. The universe could only be understood thru numbers. Sun, moon, and earth revolved around a central fire. Sun, moon, and earth revolved around a central fire. Each planet produces a tone! Each planet produces a tone! Famous for the Pythagorean Theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 Famous for the Pythagorean Theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2

4. Pythagoras 582-500 B.C. Pythagorean Theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 Pythagorean Theorem: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 a2a2 c2c2 b2b2

5. The Three Most Famous Philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle

6. Socrates 469 - 399 B.C. Critic of the Sophists Critic of the Sophists Encouraged students to think Encouraged students to think Left no writings – skeptical Left no writings – skeptical Dialectic method Dialectic method Conversational Conversational Based upon reason and logic Based upon reason and logic Popular among the youth Popular among the youth a “gadfly” in Athens a “gadfly” in Athens Placed on trial for impiety and corrupting the youth Placed on trial for impiety and corrupting the youth Was executed in 399 – drank poison hemlock Was executed in 399 – drank poison hemlock

7. Socrates 469 - 399 B.C. “The unexamined life is not worth living.” - Socrates -

8. Socrates 469 - 399 B.C. Socratic Method: I. Admit ignorance. II. Never rely on tradition. III. Continuously question. IV. Formulate your own opinions. V. Test your opinions with others.

9. Socrates 469 - 399 B.C. Socrates’ dialectic method was a departure from earlier philosophers. Socrates’ dialectic method was a departure from earlier philosophers. Earlier philosophers were interested in the nature of the universe and basic elements. Earlier philosophers were interested in the nature of the universe and basic elements. Socrates’ approach was more rigorous and was the forerunner of logic. Socrates’ approach was more rigorous and was the forerunner of logic. Most famous student: Plato Most famous student: Plato

10. Socrates 469 - 399 B.C. “The unexamined life is not worth living.”

12. Plato 427 - 347 B.C. Preserved and perpetuated the work of Socrates Preserved and perpetuated the work of Socrates Most important source of info on Socrates Most important source of info on Socrates Founded the Academy Founded the Academy Wrote dialogues Wrote dialogues Universal Forms was a recurring theme Universal Forms was a recurring theme The Republic – most important dialogue The Republic – most important dialogue “Those things which are beautiful are also difficult.”

13. Aristotle 384 - 322 B.C. Most famous student of Plato Most famous student of Plato Most famous teacher of Alexander the Great Most famous teacher of Alexander the Great Developed Logic as a field of study Developed Logic as a field of study Devised a complex system of classification Devised a complex system of classification Used in biology Used in biology Views on Government Views on Government

14. Aristotle 384 - 322 B.C. Views on Government Views on Government 3 Good Governments: 3 Good Governments: Monarchy Monarchy Aristocracy Aristocracy Democracy Democracy 3 Bad Governments: 3 Bad Governments: Tyranny Tyranny Oligarchy Oligarchy Mob Rule Mob Rule

15. Aristotle 384 - 322 B.C. “All things in moderation” “All things in moderation” “Man is by nature a political animal.” “Man is by nature a political animal.”