1. One Land, Two Peoples The Arab-Israeli Conflict

2. The size of Israel compared to the state of California (Israel is approx. the same size as New Jersey)

3. Names you will hear associated with this conflict… 1. Arabs: any member or close descendant of any of the Arabic speaking peoples of SW Asia and North Africa

4. The Arab World

5. Arabic alphabet

6. 2. Palestinian: an Arab living in the region of SW Asia once known as Palestine ( between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River). Most Arabs still call Israel- Palestine.

7. 3. Jew: descendant of the Semitic tribes who lived in and around ancient Palestine and among whom the beliefs and laws of Judaism developed.

8. 4. Hebrew: member of one of the Jewish tribes of ancient times (Semites). It is the language of Judaism and one of the official languages of Israel. (Arabic is the other official language)

9. Hebrew alphabet

10. Coca Cola…in Hebrew

11. McDonalds sign in Israel

12. McDonald’s Menu in Hebrew

13. Make sure you know that… the Arab- Israeli conflict has dominated the politics of SW Asia (Middle East) for over 50 years. the Arab- Israeli conflict has dominated the politics of SW Asia (Middle East) for over 50 years.

14. Facts about the country of Israel today (2004 World Almanac) Population: 6.4 million Pop density: 820 per sq mi Area: 8,019 sq mi Ethnic distribution: 80% Jewish; 20% Arab and other. Chief religions: 80% Jewish; 15% Islam (mostly Sunni); 2% Christian

15. Roots of the conflict Jewish claims: Arab claims:

16. 1890’s: Birth of Zionism This was an effort started by European Jews in the 1800’s to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine. By the early 1900’s, there were approx 25,000 Jews living in Palestine. (movement was named after Mt. Zion, NE of Jerusalem) This was an effort started by European Jews in the 1800’s to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine. By the early 1900’s, there were approx 25,000 Jews living in Palestine. (movement was named after Mt. Zion, NE of Jerusalem)

17. 1900’s: Arab Nationalism Grows

18. 1914- 1918: World War I British promise to the Arabs: British promise to the Jews:

19. 1920’s- 1930’s: British Rule (British Mandate)

21. 1939- 1945: World War II

22. 1947- 1948: UN Partition Plan

23. 1948: The First Arab- Israeli War

24. Israel gains new land after the first attacks in 1948

25. Many Palestinians become REFUGEES

26. Refugee camps in the late 1940’s

27. 1950’s : Israel builds

28. 1956: The Second Arab- Israeli War

29. Israel invades Egypt- 1956

30. Israel pressured to withdraw from Sinai Peninsula and Canal Zone

31. 1964: Birth of the PLO PLO= Palestine Liberation Organization Purpose of the PLO:

32. Long- time PLO leader: Yasir Arafat (died Nov. 2004)

33. 1967: Six Day War

34. 1973: Yom Kippur War

35. PLO Recognition (1974) What did Arab gov’ts do? What did the United Nations do?

36. 1977-79: Camp David Accords

37. 1982- 85: Flawed Peace What does “self-government” mean to the Palestinians? What does “self-government” mean to the Israelis?

38. PLO splinters into an extremist faction called Hezbollah- in Lebanon (early 1980’s)

39. 1987: the Intifada is born Intifada means:

40. Palestinian youth fighting in the intifada

41. PLO splinters into another extremist faction (in Israel- late 1980’s) Hamas

42. Military training is REQUIRED for ALL Israelis…male and female

43. 1990-91: The Gulf War

44. Israelis wearing gas masks during the Persian Gulf War

45. 1993-94: Breakthrough

46. 1994: Jordan joins in Israel and Jordan officially end their “state of war” and initiate economic ties.

47. Issues…post-1994 (Arab and Jewish extremists repeatedly challenged the peace process…) 1995: Israeli Prime Minister Rabin was assassinated by a Jewish Extremist

48. Islamic militants “shake up” Israel with a series of suicide bombings and rocket attacks as Israel chooses Rabin’s successor (Shimon Peres)

49. 1997: Israelis agree to allow the city of Hebron (in the West Bank) to go under Palestinian self-rule

50. 1998- 1999: Israel yields more West Bank territory to Palestinians in exchange for security guarantees. (violence continues)

51. 2000: Israel withdraws troops from Southern parts of Lebanon.

52. 2000: Peace talks between Israeli Prime Minister Barak and PLO leader Yasir Arafat fail…2 nd Intifada begins.

53. 2001: new Israeli Prime Minister elected- Ariel Sharon (a hardliner) (a hardliner)

54. 2002: Israel builds a controversial “security barrier” in the West Bank to restrict Palestinian access to Israel

55. Part of the “wall” near Jerusalem

56. 2003: President George W. Bush works with Israeli and PLO leaders on “Road Map” for peace.

57. Nov. 2004: PLO leader Yasir Arafat dies. Mahmoud Abbas becomes new PLO leader.

58. 2005: Abbas attempts to convince militant groups (Hamas and others) to honor a cease-fire between Israel and the Palestinians. Future of region…??????