1. Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

2. Terms Zionism Israeli Infatada Palestine Occupied Territory West Bank
Gaza Stripe
Sinai Peninsula

4. About Israel Small nation = size of New Jersey 90% live in urban areas
Two main groups of Jews
Ashkenazin (Eastern and Central Europe)
Sephardim (Mediterranean and Middle East)
Arab population is growing
Some fear will out number the Jews
Current population 6.4 million / 5.2 million Jew
If Palestinian refugees (3.7) came back would end a Jews state
Area lacks natural resources and water
Introduced new technology and developed high industries

5. Zionism During the late 1800s demanded for a Jewish state in Palestine
Romans had expelled the Jews in AD 70
1897 organization formed by Theodor Herzl to promote Zionism
Jews began to migrate to
Palestine
Asked for Britain and other
European nations to support them

6. Balfour Declaration
A British document that supported a Jewish homeland in Palestine
In short
Britain favors a Jewish homeland
Nothing shall be done to hurt the non-Jew living there
1930s flow of Jews
to Palestine

8. After WWII Britain turned things over to the United Nations
United Nations voted to partition Palestine into two states
One Arab (45% of the land)
One Jewish (55% of the land)
Arabs refused to accept the partition or to recognize Israel

9. 1948 Arab – Israeli War Also known as the Israeli War of Independence
Began after the declaration of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948
Forces of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Trans-Jordan and Iraq invaded Israel
Israel defeated and occupied Arab territory
Palestinian Arabs fled

10. Territorial gains in the Arab-Israel War

11. War of 1956 Suez War Israel, Britain, and France verse Egypt
Egypt trying to get $$$ to build Aswan Dam
Egypt had captured the Suez Canal – nationalized it
Egypt prevents ships to pass that are coming from or arriving to Israel
Captured the Sinai Peninsula but forced to withdraw (pressure from US and SU)
Did in exchange for shipping rights

12. War of 1967
The Six Day War
Strike by Israel to protect itself
Surprise air attack lead to defeat of Egyptian army
Israel takes Gaza Stripe and the Sinai Peninsula (occupied territories)
Jordan and Syria attach
Israel takes West Bank from Jordan and the Golden Heights from Syria
occupied territories
Strategic importance
Israeli water source
High grounds
Religious sites
Jewish settlers moved in
Returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in the Camp David Accords in 1978 and Gaza Strip in 2005

13. 1973 Yom Kippur War
Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attach in the Sinai and Golden Heights
Israel able to push Syria out of territory gained in the first week of the war
United Nations call a cease-fire
Israeli troops withdraw from the west of the Canal
Egypt re-open canal
Claim victory

14. Reasons for the Conflict

15. Israeli view Arab Hostility Non-recognition of Israel’s right to exist
“holy war” against Israel
Non-recognition of Israel’s right to exist
Destroy Israel
Forced to fight for self-defense
Many Israelis believe that minorities in Israel are treated justly

16. Palestinian view State based on outdated claims
Jews lived there 1,800 yrs ago doesn’t give you claim now
International law on their side
UN resolution allows for refugees wishing to return
Jews arrived with the intention of taking over not just immigration
Israeli treatment of Palestinians is unjust

17. Peace Efforts

18. Camp David Accords 1977 Signed at Camp David in United States
Pres. Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt
Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel
Signed at Camp David in United States
President Jimmy Carter
Israelis agreed to withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula
Egypt agreed to end state of
war and establish peace
with Israel
Election to be held in
West Bank and Gaza

19. Reaction Mixed Arabs felt Egypt had deserted the Arab family
Israelis took “wait and see” attitude
President el-Sadat was assassinated
Three unresolved
Issues
1. Control of East Jerusalem
2. Fate of the 1.8 million
Palestinians living
on the West Bank
3. Control of the
Golan Heights

20. Intifada
Dec 1987
Uprising of Palestinians over the way they were being treated, lack of country, high unemployment, refugee problem etc
Focused world attention
Organization
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Dedicated to regaining Palestinian territory
Chairmen Yasir Arafat
Some joined radical Palestinian organizations
Hamas and Islamic jihad
These groups call for the destruction of Israel

21. Oslo Accords 1993 Hopes for peace Meet in secret Agreed to
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin of Israel and PLO leader Yasser Arafat
First time face to face
Agreed to
recognize each other – Israelis right to exist
PLO promised to stop attacking Israel
Palestinian Authority would administrated the territory under its control – they have their own state!
Israel would withdraw its forces from parts of the occupied territories (Gaza Stripe and West Bank)
Israel would allow limited self-rule in Gaza and Jericho
Put Resolution 242 into effect

22. Road Map for Peace Presented in Sept 2002 Players Called for
Palestinian Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas
Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon
United States President George W. Bush
Called for
End of terrorism by the Palestinians
Palestinians must make democratic reforms
Israel must accept Palestinian gov
Israel must end settlement activity
It did not address
The fate of Jerusalem
The boarders between the two
Derailed
Both side claim the other did not go through with their promised

23. Arab Peace Initiative Has a final solution to the boarders
The UN set boards back in 1967
Recognition of Israel
Israel must withdraw forces from the occupied territories
Recognition of a Palestinian States with capital at East Jerusalem
A “just solution” for the Palestinian refugees
Rejected by Israel but it is up for discussion

24. Peace Breaks down Unresolved issues 1. Jerusalem 2. Right of Return
Israel had made the city its capital
Scared to all religions
2. Right of Return
Grant Palestinians who fled to return
Many not allowed to return
3. Future of Jewish settlements in the Occupied Territories
Numbers of Jews has increased
Upset the Palestinians
4. Allows Israeli troops to stay in the occupies lands

25. The Wall

26. Today the Palestinians want
Their own country
Part of Jerusalem
Their refugees to be able to return