1. Conflicts in the Middle East
Ch 18-4

2. Vocabulary Anwar Sadat Golda Meir PLO Yasir Arafat Camp David Accords
Intifada
Olso Peace Accords

3. Setting the Stage
The Holocaust and WWII severely diminished the Jewish population
The movement to create a state or Jewish Homeland, gained support following the war
The site for this Jewish Homeland was designated in the Middle East
Mostly Arab region

4. Israel Becomes a State Jewish claims to the land goes back 3,000 years
Palestinians claims go back to when the Jews were mostly driven out in A.D. 135
Jews forced out of the area were unable to found their own country
Diaspora: The global dispersal of Jews

6. Movement Back to Israel
In the 19th-20th centuries, Jews started to move back to the region.
Known as Zionists: People who favored a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Following WWI, Britain oversaw Palestine until it was ready for independence
Jews had become a growing presence in the region at this time

7. Balfour Declaration
Sir Arthur Balfour (British Foreign Secretary) promoted the idea of a Jewish Homeland in Palestine
Balfour Declaration- also included protection for non-Jewish minorities

9. Post WWII
In 1947 the United Nations voted for the partition of Palestine into a Palestinian state and a Jewish State
Jerusalem was to be an International City
Partition gave the Jews 55% when they made up 34% of population
All Islamic countries voted against the partition
May 14th, 1948 David Ben Gurion announced the creation of the state of Israel

11. Conflict
May 15th Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria invaded Israel
First of many Arab-Israeli wars ended in victory for Israel
Full scale war broke out in 1956, 1967, and 1973
The state of Palestine never came into being due to the fighting
Other Arab counties took parts of the land designated for Palestine

12. 1956 Suez Crisis Second Arab-Israeli War
Egypt took control of the Suez Canal
British interests/control of the canal were threatened.
Joined with Israel and France to retake the canal
Pressure from other countries caused them to back off
Egypt controls the Canal

14. Golda Meir and Anwar Sadat
Golda Meir-Israeli Prime Minister
Anwar Sadat- Egyptian President

15. Palestine Liberation Organization
Palestinians struggled for recognition
PLO formed in 1964 to push for the formation of a Palestinian State
Yasir Arafat: PLO chairman
Carried out attacks against Israel

16. Efforts at Peace
Camp David Accords: The first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country-1979
Ended 30 years of hostilities
Signed in the US
Gave land back to Egypt in exchange for recognition of Israel as a state

18. Tensions Increase
Intifada: “Uprising” widespread campaign of civil disobedience
Boycotts, demonstrations, attacks and rock throwing

19. Oslo Peace Accords
Israel agrees to grant Palestinians self rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank
Difficult to keep peace
Many people opposed the move
In response to uprisings, Israel moved into Palestine areas to repress militants

20. Current
In 2003 Palestinians leaders elected their first ever Prime Minister.
Stated goal of 2 countries living in peace with each other.
There are extremists who oppose this. Would prefer total control.
React when peace is attempted and assassinate and attack.

22. Assessment 1. Can 2 independent states exist? Why?
2. How can we work to create these two states?
3. What are some of the problems with the two-state partition plan?
4. Some have said that the Palestinian- Israeli conflict represents the struggle of right against right. Explain why you agree or disagree.
5. On page 586 Read the primary sources for each side. Answer the questions.