1. IPM for Preventing & Managing Alien Invasive Species Dr. Norm Leppla University of Florida/IFAS IPM Florida 6 th International IPM Symposium Portland, Oregon 2009

2. Tomato and Pepper Integrated Pest Management

3. Miami- Dade Everglades Limited Land for Vegetables Lake Okeechobee

4. Alien Invasive Species Habitat

5. Franklinella occidentalis Western Flower Thrips Established in the southeastern U.S. in the 1980s Established in the southeastern U.S. in the 1980s Key vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus Key vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus Very destabilizing to integrated pest management Very destabilizing to integrated pest management

6. Tomato spotted wilt virus symptoms on pepper Flecking on pepper due to feeding by Frankliniellaoccidentalis

7. Resistant Crop Competitors Natural enemies Resistant varieties Vulnerable Crop Alien Invasive Pest Integrated pest management program: Cultural practices Scouting, Identification of pests and NE Conservation of natural enemies Augmentation of natural enemies Reduced-risk insecticides Resistance management Pesticide program: Application methods Resistance management Grower’s Response: Pesticides vs IPM

8. Insecticide Treatment for WFT Larvae Control in Spring Tomatoes Dr. Tom Kuhar – VA Eastern Shore (C. Mellinger) Number of Thrips Larvae Per 10 Leaves Baythroid 2E 2.8 fl oz/A Spintor 2SC 6 fl oz/A Radiant 6 fl oz/A

9. 0 4 8 12 0.0 0.4 0.8 0 4 8 12 0.0 0.4 0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 0.0 0.4 0.8 OriusWestern flower thripsthrips larvae Pirate bugs Thrips per flower untreated fenpropathrin spinosad 14 17 19 21 24 28 31 3 per flower May & June 1996 Funderburk, Stavisky &Olson 2000 Pepper

11. Change: Good for someoneelse!

12. Agricultural Sustainability Through IPM Sustainability Sustainability Cultural Methods Cultural Methods Biological Control Biological Control Chemical Control Chemical Control Physical Methods Physical Methods

13. Sales of Florida Vegetables Vegetables, melons, potatoes ~1 billion sales Millions

14. Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) Economic thresholds Host-free period Sanitation Resistant varieties UV reflective mulch Fertilizaton Pest Resistant Crop - IPM Conserve Competitors Conserve Natural enemies Orius insidiosus (Say) Predaceous mites Other predators Cultural Practices Augment natural enemies Reduced-risk insecticides Resistance management Scouting & ID of pests and NE Spinosad and spinetoram Tomato spotted wilt virus Radient (spinetoram) Intrepid (methoxyfenozide) Predators

15. F. tritici Orius insidiosus (Say) Capacity of minute pirate bugs to reduce thrips populations Suppression 1 predator/~180 thrips Control 1 predator/50 thrips Pepper

16. Pepper Sunflowers More Orius More Orius Fewer thrips Fewer thrips

18. Bioassay of Spinetoram toxicity to WFT 1000 μg/ml IPM Grower Non-IPM Grower Percent WFT Mortality 8 μg/ml J. Funderburk, et al. 2008 Pepper

19. IPM for WFT in Florida 1.Distinguish between adult & larval thrips, ID adults. 2.Economic thresholds: ~1 WFT/ flower & ~3 larvae/fruit. 3.Alternate between Radiant & other efficacious insecticides. 4.Avoid using insecticides that induce WFT. 5.Use ultraviolet-reflective mulch. 6.Vertically integrate WFT IPM with management of other pests, e.g. whiteflies. Tomato

20. PEPPER 1.Distinguish adult & larval thrips, & ID adults. 2.Econ. thresholds: ~10 WFT/flower & ~3 larvae/fruit. 3.When peppers are flowering, use insecticides for thrips & other pests that conserve minute pirate bugs. 4.Never use insecticides that induce WFT. 5.Use ultraviolet-reflective mulch. 6.Use sunflower & other refugia to provide a source of minute pirate bugs. 7.Vertically integrate management of thrips & other pests, e.g., pepper weevil and Lepidoptera. IPM for WFT in Florida

21. IPM Education and Training

22. http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu IPM Florida: The UF, IFAS Statewide IPM Program