1. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

2.  What is the purpose of nutrition?

3.  Nutrition provides energy for life activities for ALL living things.

4.  Autotroph – organisms that make their own food  Examples: multicellular plants and unicellular algae.

5.  Heterotroph: organism that needs to take in its food from the environment.  Example: Humans, all animals, fungi, etc.

6.  How does nutrition vary among heterotrophs?

7.  Herbivore – eats only plants  Carnivore – eats only meat  Omnivore – eats both meat and plants

8.  Why do humans need a variety of nutrients?

9.  Humans are complex organisms. There are 6 essential nutrients needed for the human body to function properly.

10. 6 Essential Nutrients

11.  Main source of energy

12.  Bread, pasta, rice, vegetables, fruits

13. - Turns into fat or stored energy

14.  Why are fats essential in a diet?

15.  Stored energy  Structure of the cell membrane  Protects organs  Insulation from the cold  Synthesize hormones

16.  Saturated fats are solids at room temperature (ie: butter, fat found on/in meat)  Mostly from animals  Increases bad cholesterol  Unsaturated fats are liquids at room temperature. (ie: different types of oils)  Mostly from plants  Increases good cholesterol

17.  Nuts, meat, dairy products, oils.

18.  Why do body builders eat a diet high in protein?

19.  Build muscle and tissue  Structure of the cell membrane  Enzymes, hormones, antibodies  Last source of energy

20.  Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins  Human body needs 20 different amino acids  12 can be made by the body  8 are essential – must be taken in through diet

21.  Meat, beans, whole grains, eggs, soy, nuts

22.  Up to 75% of your total body mass is water  Water is necessary for  Chemical reactions  Movement of materials into and out of cells  Breakdown of foods during digestion

23.  Why do we need to take in water every day?

24.  We lose 2.5L of water a day through exhalation, sweat and urination

25.  Used for building body parts  Involved in many body functions such as nerve and muscle action  Examples:  Calcium, phosphorus, zinc, sodium, iodine, iron, potassium

26.  Vitamins are coenzymes (help enzymes to function) that are found in food

27.  Cellulose – indigestible part of the cell wall of a plant (fiber)  Helps to push food through the digestive tract  Examples – fruits, vegetables, bran cereals, nuts