1. PAST TENSE TEAM-5 AISHWARYA SRIVASTAVA PRIYANKA CHOKROBARTY DEVANSHI ARNAB ROY ARVIND PANDEY ABY WILSON

2. What is a Tense?  Tense (noun): a verb-based method used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action or state in relation to the time of speaking. Tense is ORIGINATED from Latin word tempus which mean "time"  Or simply we can say “tense is a form taken by a verb to show the time of an action.”verbaction

3. presentpast future

4. Past tense family Simple past Past perfect Past perfect continuous Past continuous

5. Why do we use past tense ???  Past tense is used to tell that an action is completed !!!!!  The Past tense in English is used:  To talk about the past  He worked at McDonald’s. He had worked there since July.  He was working at McDonald’s.He had been working since July.  To talk about hypothesis and wishes  Example- I t might be dangerous. Suppose they got lost.  I would always help someone who really needed my help.  For politeness  I wondered if you were free in this evening.  I thought you might like some red flowers.

6. PRONOUNCIATION OF –ed (regular verbs)  The –ed ending in English has three different sounds.  t: walked, talked, jumped.  d: played, loved, answered.  id: invited, waited, decided...

7. Verbs  Two Types:  Regular verbs  Irregular verbs Regular verbs –Live livedStudy studiedCry criedWalk walkedCook cookedIrregular verbsTeach taughtLeave leftBring broughtHear heardBuy bought

9. Rules for simple past tense Rules :  For negative and interrogative form of all verbs in the  simple past, always use 'did'. Examples:  She did not attend the meeting.  Did she come to the office?

10. Simple Past Tense  The simple past tense is used to talk about a completed  action in a time before now.  Example :  He lived in Italy in 1976.  She played the piano when she was a child.  We crossed the channel yesterday.

11. Note : Always use first form of the verb with 'did'. Examples :  She did not finish her work.  Did they inform you ?

12. PAST CONTINUOUS  FORM [was/were + present participle]  Examples: You were studying when she called. Were you studying when she called? You were not studying when she called.

13. USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.  Examples: I was watching TV when she called. When the phone rang, she was writing a letter. While we were having the picnic, it started to rain. What were you doing when the earthquake started? I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.

14. USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.  Examples: Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. At midnight, we were still driving through the desert. Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.  IMPORTANT In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.

15. USE 3 Parallel Actions When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.  Examples: I was studying while he was making dinner. While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television. Were you listening while he was talking ? I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes. What were you doing while you were waiting ? Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.

16. USE 4 Atmosphere In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.  Example: When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.

17. USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always" The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."used to  Examples: She was always coming to class late. He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone. I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

18. Past Perfect Tense  The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past.  It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past.  It tells us which event happened first regardless of which event is mentioned first or second in a sentence or conversation.

19. Construction of past perfect Because the past perfect is a compound tense, two verbs are required: the main verb and the auxiliary verb. The past perfect tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to have (had) and the past participle of the main verb (e.g. eaten, stolen, taken). Examples :  I had studied. (main verb: studied ; auxiliary verb: had)  He had written a letter to Maria. (main verb: written ; auxiliary verb: had)  We had been stranded for six days. (main verb: been ; auxiliary verb: had)

20. Different use of past perfect  1) A completed action before something else in the past. Example: When we arrived, the film had started.  2) To explain or give a reason for something in the past. Example: It had snowed in the night, so the bus didn't arrive.  3) Something that started in the past and continued up to another action in the past. Example: When he graduated, he had been in London for six years.  4) As part of the third conditional. Example: If I had known you were ill, I would have visited you.

21. Completed Action Before Something in the Past  When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect Example : 1. The meeting had already started by the time I arrived. 2. When I got home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner. 3. I was very tired as I hadn't slept well for several days. 4. I had saved my documents before the computer crashed.

22. Example  I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Event 2 Event 1

23. Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)  A state that started in the past and continued up to some time in the past. Example : 1. They had lived in Italy for twelve years before they moved to England. 2. I had owned this place for two years before I sold it.

24. Example  We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. Event 1 : Having the car for 10 yearsEvent 2 : It broke down

25. Reported speech  The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts. Example : 1. John said that he had never eaten sushi before. 2. She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not. 3. She wondered why he had been so unkind to her.

26. As part of the third conditional.  The past perfect tense is used in unreal or hypothetical situations. Example : 1. If I had known you were in Frankfurt, I would have called you. (but I didn't know you were here so I didn't call you!) 2. I would have been in big trouble if you hadn't helped me. (but you did help me so I stayed out of trouble.) 3. She wouldn't have been able to finish, if you hadn't helped her. (but you did help her and she did finish.)

27. Past Perfect Continuous Tense  Basic form to use this tense :  Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb (continuous form)  So some examples of past perfect continuous tense : I. The boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home. II. I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married. III. If it hadn't been raining, we would have gone to the park. IV. She told me that she had been working as a teacher for over 40 years.

28. Usage  The Past Perfect Continuous is used to talk about actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations. There are also other uses. 1. Duration of a past action up to a certain point in the past 2. Showing cause of an action or situation 3. Third conditional sentences 4. Reported speech

29. Usage 1  The main use of the Past Perfect Continuous is to express actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations.  Examples :  The boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home.  I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married.

30. Usage 2  Use this tense to show cause of an action or situation in the past.  Example : John was in a detention because he had been misbehaving. The road was wet because it had been raining. I had to go on a diet because I had been eating too much sugar. Jessica got sunburnt because she had been lying in the sun too long.

31. Usage 3  Remember that this tense is also used in third conditional sentences.  Example :  If it hadn't been raining, we would have gone to the park. Usage 4  This tense also appears in Reported speech.  Example :  She said she knew Charlie had been lying to her.

32. Differences between past perfect and past perfect continuous :  Both past continuous and past perfect continuous tenses can be used to talk about actions or situations that were in progress at a certain point of time in the past.  While the past continuous merely shows continuity, the past perfect continuous tense also puts an emphasis on the idea of duration.  It is mainly used to indicate the duration of a past activity or state.  Example :  You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.  You had studied English before you moved to New York.

33. SUMMARY (SIMPLE PAST)

34. PAST CONTINUOUS

35. PAST PERFECT

36. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

37. Rules for adding –ed  Add –ed to most of the verbs  Drop the “e” and add “ed” to verbs that end with “e” (smile=smiled).  Change the “y” to “i” and add –ed to verbs that end with a consonant and “y” (carry=carried, study=studied).  Double the consonant and add –ed to verbs that end with one vowel and one consonant(drag=dragged, stop=stopped).

38. WHY DO WE USE PAST TENSE VERBS

39. VERBS AND THEIR PAST PARTICIPLE FORM: VERBPAST TENSEPAST PARTICIPLE WriteWroteWritten ClimbClimbed SleepSlept ChooseChoseChosen BreakBrokeBroken DoDidDone GiveGaveGiven GrowGrewGrown TakeTookTaken

40. Quiz 1. We (sleep)_____________ for 12 hours when he woke us up. 2. They (wait) _____________ at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived. 3. We (look for)____________ her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom. 4. I (not / walk)_________ for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain. 5. Last year I (go) ______________ to England on Holiday. 6. It (be)____________ fantastic. 7. In the evenings we (go)____________ to clubs. 8. The weather (be) ______________ strangely fine. 9. Where (spend/you) __________ your last holiday. 10. Kristine had never (be)________ to an opera before last night. 11. We were not able to get a hotel room because we (be)_______ not (book)_________ in advance 12. You were not (listen)________to me when I told you to turn the oven off. 13. While John was (sleep)__________ast night, someone stole his car. 14. Sammy was (wait)________ for us when we got off the plane. 15. While I was (write)__________ the email, the computer suddenly went off.