1. 4.23.14 study guide

2. 1. Did you know… that the levels of organization of the living world include the individual organism, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes. Each level is defined by the type and number of organisms or the abiotic factors present. biomes ecosystems communities Individual organisms populations

3. 1. Levels of Organization Populations: EX IS ALL DOGS OF SAME SPECIES IN 1 PLACE AT 1 TIME. A.All of the individuals of a given species in a specific area or region at a certain time. B.Members of a population compete for food, water, space, and mates; for example all of the dogs in my yard.

4. 2. Communities A.All the different populations in a specific area or region at a certain time.For example, all of the crabs, seagulls, and sea grass at the beach are part of the same community. B.Communities involve many types of interactions among populations. C.Some of these interactions involve the obtaining and use of food, space, or other environmental resources.

5. 3. Ecosystems One or more communities in an area and the abiotic factors, including water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, and soil.

6. 4. Biomes – Individual ecosystems grouped together according to the climate and the predominant vegetation and characterized by adaptations of organisms to that particular environment

7. 5. Levels of organization Within an ecosystem, organisms have specific places where their needs are met and specific roles within the ecosystem. a. The place where an organism lives in order to obtain its food, water, shelter and other things needed for survival is called its habitat.

8. B. The particular role of an organism in its environment including type of food it eats, how it obtains its food and how it interacts with the other organisms is called its niche. For example, the niche of a bee is to pollinate flowers as it gathers nectar for its food.

9. biomes ecosystems communities Individual organisms populations populations are organisms just alike in 1 place at 1 time All of the communities and the abiotic factors Any living thing All of the populations is the same place at the same time All of the ecosystems is the same climate and the same vegetation

10. Illustrate energy flow in food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids. Organisms have energy roles in their environments. Each role is determined by how the organism obtains its energy and how they interact with other organisms in the environment. These roles can be classified as a producer, consumer or decomposer..

11. Food chains Food chain roletrophic level Grassproducerlevel 1 Insectherbivorelevel 2 Frogcarnivorelevel 3 Owlsomnivorelevel 4 Hawkstop carnivore- level 5

12. Food web Describe the organisms found in interconnecting food chains using pictures or words and arrows. Food webs describe the complex patterns of energy flow in an ecosystem by modeling who consumes whom or what.

13. Food web Top carnivores Sun  plants carnivores Worms/ bacteria herbivor es

14. Food pyramid Energy Pyramids A.Show the amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to another in a food chain. B.The most energy is available at the producer level of the pyramid. C.Energy availability decreases as it moves up the energy pyramid.

17. Landslides 1.Landslides are large areas of ground movement of rock, earth, or debris that fall, slide, or flow on slopes due to gravity. 2.They can occur in any environment given the right conditions of soil, moisture, and the angle of slope. 3.Landslides can be caused by rains, floods, earthquakes, and other natural causes, as well as human-made causes such as excessive development or clear-cutting for lumber. 4.Some examples of ways that landslides can effect the environment are blocking roads, damaging or destroying homes, destroying habitats, or disrupting power lines. Page 3

18. Flooding notes 1. A flood is an unusually high water stage in which water overflows its natural or artificial banks onto normally dry land. p. 6

19. Flooding notes 2. Some examples of factors that contribute to flooding are: A.heavy, intense rainfall B.over-saturated soil (when the ground cannot hold anymore water) C.high river, stream or reservoir levels caused by unusually large amounts of rain D.urbanization, or lots of buildings and parking lots 3. Some examples of the effects of floods on the environment may include: a. damaging property, b. endangering humans and animals, c. causing soil erosion and deposition of sediment and nutrients d. creation of fertile soil p. 6

20. 4. There are two basic types of floods. a. In a regular river flood, water slowly climbs over the edges of a river. p. 7

21. b. The more dangerous type, a flash flood, occurs when a wall of water quickly sweeps over an area.

22. Environmental Changes Due to Changes in Populations Changes in populations can occur when new members enter a population or when members leave a population.

23. Births and Deaths – New births are the main way that organisms are added to a population. – The number of births in a population during a certain amount of time is called the birth rate. –. Deaths are the main way that organisms leave a population – The number of deaths in a population during a certain amount of time is called the death rate.

24. Births and Deaths Births– entering populationDeath leaving population

25. Immigration & Emigration The size of the population can change when members move into or out of the population. Immigration is when organisms move in from another environment. – Who/What would move into an environment?

26. Immigration & Emigration When part of the population leaves the environment, this is known as emigration. – Who/What would move out of an environment?

27. Environmental Changes Due to Limiting Factors These limiting factors can affect the number of organisms an environment can support. The maximum number of organisms that can survive in a particular ecosystem is known as the carrying capacity.

28. Climate

29. – Climate refers to the temperature and amount of rainfall in a particular environment. – Changes in temperature and the amount of rainfall from what is normal for that area can change an environment, which will have an effect on the populations in the area.

30. Mon: Bell ringer: answer on your paper 1.Independent variable 2.Dependent variable 3.Title 4.Is it linear? 5.What units are used to measure the dependent variable?

31. Tue. Bell ringer: answer on your paper 1.Independent variable 2.Dependent variable 3.Title 4.Is it linear? 5.What units are used to measure the dependent variable?

32. Bell ringer: answer on the same sheet as mon and tue 1.Independent variable 2.Dependent variable 3.Title 4.Is it linear? 5.What units are used to measure the dependent variable?

33. 1.Dependent variable 2.Independent variable 3.Title 4.Why is it not linear? 5.What units are used to measure the independent variable?