1. Age of Discovery SOL WHII.4

2. The expanding economies of European states stimulated increased trade with markets in Asia. With the loss of Constantinople in 1453, European nations fronting the Atlantic sought new maritime routes for trade. The expanding economies of European states stimulated increased trade with markets in Asia. With the loss of Constantinople in 1453, European nations fronting the Atlantic sought new maritime routes for trade. Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire. Nations in Western Europe began looking for another route for getting to Asia.

3. Factors Contributing to the European Discovery of Lands in the Western Hemisphere

4. In Europe, there was a huge demand for gold, spices, and natural resources. The pressure was on to find other supply sources for these items.

5. One motive for exploration was to spread the Christian religion. Catholics and Protestants carried their faith, language, and culture to the new lands.

6. As they migrated to the new lands, one of the goals of the immigrants was to convert the indigenous people (natives) to their Christian faith.

7. As European countries competed with each other to discover a maritime route to Asia, political and economic competition between European empires increased. Each country wanted to be the BIG WINNER and find the route first.

8. Innovations in navigational arts and the invention of improved navigational tools such as the compass, better ships, and more accurate maps made exploration possible.

9. New innovations in the navigational arts were of European and Islamic (Muslim) origin.

10. Prince Henry of Portugal brought people together to study navigation. He became known as Prince Henry the Navigator. He also sponsored ships to travel and study the coast of Africa.

11. Let’s review the factors that led to exploration! Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe Spread Christianity Spread Christianity Competition between countries Competition between countries Better navigational equipment Better navigational equipment Prince Henry the Navigator spurred interest in exploring Prince Henry the Navigator spurred interest in exploring

12. It has been said that the reason explorers were prompted to set forth on their adventures were: Get Rich! Become famous and make your country proud! Spread Christianity

13. Establishment of Overseas Empires

14. Portugal Vasco da Gama France Jacques Cartier England Francis Drake

15. Spain Christopher Columbus Hernando Cortez Ferdinand Magellan Francisco Pizarro

16. The Spanish Conquistadors conquered the native people. Hernando Cortez Conquered the Aztec Empire Francisco Pizarro Conquered the Inca Empire

17. The Europeans migrated to new colonies in North and South America creating new cultural and social patterns. Expansion of overseas territorial claims resulted.

18. Spanish conquistadors conquered and destroyed the Aztec, Maya and Inca Empires. The conquistadors had superior weapons and help from rival tribes. The invaders also brought diseases that devastated the natives.

19. A rigid class system and dictatorial rule was established by Spain in Latin America. The top class in this rigid class system were called Peninsulares.

20. Native Americans were sometimes forced into slavery. There were such large numbers of the native people that died with the Spanish invasion, however, that a new labor force had to be found.

21. The death of Native Americans led to the forced migration of Africans into slavery. Most slaves were taken to the Caribbean Islands.

22. Colonies imitated the culture and social patterns of their parent country.

23. European trading posts were established along the African Coast. Trading at these posts was for slaves, gold, and other products.

24. In Asia, trading companies gained much influence. These companies were Portuguese, Dutch, and British. Portuguese Dutch British

25. The Chinese did not want foreign companies gaining influence in their country. They imposed policies to control foreign influence and trade.

26. The discovery of the Americas by Europeans resulted in an exchange of products and resources between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. This exchange is known as the Columbian Exchange. Horses Tobacco

27. Western Hemisphere agricultural products such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco changed European lifestyles.

28. European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.

29. European diseases like smallpox killed many American Indians.

30. European plantation systems in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economies and damaged the environment.

31. The shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves.

32. Slavery was based on race! The Europeans turned to African slave labor to replace Native Americans because the Africans had immunity to European diseases!

33. The Spanish economy experienced a crushing period of inflation as the influx of gold and silver from the Americas greatly increased its money supply in the 1600s. Remember! Precious metal were coming from the Americas.

34. The European nations established a trade pattern known as the triangular trade pattern and exported precious metals from the Americas.

35. The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas. EuropeAfrica Americas Middle Passage Raw materials and products from America Cotton, tobacco, sugar Slaves and gold Items from Europe to buy slaves with Liquor, guns, cotton goods

37. 1. Why were Europeans interested in discovering new lands and markets? There was a demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe.

38. 2. What was a goal of Christians and Catholics for exploration? They wanted to spread Christianity.

39. 3. Which explorer conquered the Aztecs? Hernando Cortez

40. 4. Match the explorer with the country that sponsored them. Portugal English Spain France Christopher Columbus Jacques Cartier Vasco da Gama Francis Drake

41. 5. Who was the Portuguese pioneer that sponsored ships to travel the coasts of Africa? Prince Henry the Navigator HE WAS FROM PORTUGAL!

42. 6. What was the top class of the Spanish American class based society called? Peninsulares

43. 7. What did the traders pick up in Africa? Slaves and gold Where were these taken? The Caribbean and the Americas

44. 8. Name the three countries that established trading companies in Asia. Portuguese British Dutch

45. 9. What was a result of the European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas? Indigenous economies were destroyed and the environment was damaged.

46. 10. What changed the lifestyle of the Native Americans? Horses and cattle

47. 11. Who sponsored Vasco da Gama? Portugal Who sponsored Jacques Cartier? France Who sponsored Francis Drake? England

48. 12. What was the origin for the new navigational tools used during the age of exploration? They were of Islamic (Muslim) and European origin.

49. 13. The loss of what city contributed to the desire to find an alternate route to Asia? Constantinople

50. 14. What was China’s reaction to the increase in demand for Chinese goods? They imposed controls on foreign traders to limit their influence.

51. 15. What did the death of large numbers of Native Americans due to disease lead to? The use of Africans for slave labor