1. Learning Theories
Classical Theories and Models in Psychology that Explain Learning and Development

2. Theories of Learning and Development
Behaviorism
B. F. Skinner
Social Learning Theory
Albert Bandura
Information Processing
Computer sciences
Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget
Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg
Socio-cultural Theory
Lev Vygotsky
Bio-ecological Model
Bonfrenbrener
Theories of Learning and Development
Famous psychologists

3. Behaviorism
B. F. Skinner

4. Behaviorism Operant conditioning is used to control and shape behavior
Basic elements: Stimulus – Response – Consequence
Classroom Implication
Direct instruction
Knowledge is transmitted in a unidirectional pattern: from teacher to student and is confirmed through reinforcement
Examples?

5. Social (Cognitive) Learning Theory
Albert Bandura

6. Social Learning Theory
People learn (emulate behavior) through observation
Vicarious experience can induced modeled behavior
Basic elements – attention, retention, reproduction, reinforcement and motivation.
Classroom implications
Examples

7. Information Processing
A group of cognitive psychologists!!

8. Information Processing
Humans process the information they receive, rather than merely responding to stimuli
Mind = Computer
Basic elements – attention, sensory register, working memory, long-term memory, encoding and retrieval
Working-memory capacity
Long-term memory capacity
Patterns and recognition
Classroom implications

9. Cognitive Development Theory
Jean Piaget

10. Cognitive Development
Learning takes place through the natural development of cognitive structures
Basic elements – Schema, assimilation, accommodation, equilibrium, disequilibrium
Four stages (in Grades 1-5 there are two stages)
Pre-operational Stage
Egocentrism, animism,
Concrete operational stage
Conservation, transitivity, hierarchical classification, class inclusion

11. Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg

12. Moral Development
Moral reasoning develops in stages, just like cognition
Three stages
Preconventional moral reasoning
Focus on self interest
Conventional moral reasoning
Focus on family and community
Post conventional morel reasoning
The nation, the world, what is good for EVERYONE
Thinking about history revolves around moral reasoning and moral justification

13. Sociocultural (historical) Theory
Lev Vygotsky

14. Sociocultural Theory
Learning takes place through the active interaction with more capable others
Language is a fundamental tool for learning and cognition
Socializing intelligence!
Zone of Proximal Development
What a child can do independently
What a child can achieve with other’s gradual help
Scaffolding
How do you group students for best learning?

15. Bio-Ecological Model
Uri Bonfrenbrener

17. Bio-Ecological Model Systems within systems
The individual human being (biological core)
Microsystem – direct interaction with child
Misosystem – interactions between and within systems
Exosystem – intermediate interaction with child
Macrosystem – Values, regulations, and beliefs
Chronosytem – Change over time