1. Pojer and Lopez

2. Election of 1860  Lincoln won with less than 40%  Lincoln not allowed on the ballot in 10 Southern states  Once Lincoln is elected, South Carolina secedes from the United States (Secession: 12/30; election had been 11/6) 303 total electoral votes and 152 to win.

3. Secession!: SC  Dec. 20, 1860

4. Video Analysis 1.Why did Southerners dislike Abraham Lincoln? 2.Who were the first 7 states to secede from the Union? Why did Pres. Buchanan remain indifferent? 3.Who was nominated President of the Confederacy and how organized was their new government? 4.How did Lincoln address Secessionist states in his inauguration? What was his intention? 5.What effect did the attack on Fort Sumter have on the Confederacy?

5. Inaugural Address Lincoln vowed to preserve the Union –“hold, occupy, and possess” all Federal property in the South –“physically speaking, we cannot separate” –Careful not to offend border slave states with “hawkish” rhetoric –Republicans and Democratic Unionists supported the speech –Lower South saw it as a war message

6. Fort Sumter Located at the mouth of Charleston Harbor, Fort Sumter was one of the last remaining Federal forts in the South Major Robert Anderson Notified Lincoln that the fort would soon be out of supplies and without them, he would have to surrender to confederate forces which now surrounded him

7. Fort Sumter Lincoln was in a no-win situation –Not sending supplies would ruin his credibility to uphold the Union –Sending supplies would be perceived as an act of war by Confederacy Lincoln notified South Carolina that he was sending only supplies and no additional soldiers to the fort –If war breaks out, Lincoln wanted the South to fire first WHY?

8. Fort Sumter April 12, 1861- 70 confederate cannons begin bombardment of Fort Sumter –Anderson’s garrison held for 34 hours before they were forced to surrender the fort –Anderson’s men allowed to return North –No loss of life on either side in the first official skirmish of the Civil War

9. Picture: Fort Sumter 1

10. Fort Sumter 2

11. WAR IS ON April 15, 1861- Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers for a 90 day military service Before “Sumter” many Americans thought the South had the right to secede but after the attack, many northerners felt they had to fight for honor of the North and to preserve the Union. –Lincoln’s plan had worked- South was seen as the aggressors and the North as the victim

12. WAR PLANS April 19, 1861- Lincoln proclaims a blockade of Southern ports –Ineffective at first but eventually strangled the South May 3, 1861- Lincoln calls for 3 year volunteers –90 day militia not sufficient 4 more states (VA, AK, TN, and NC) secede –Viewed Lincoln as waging war –Richmond replaces Montgomery as capital of Confederacy

13. Border States Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and (later) West Virginia –Remained in the Union since North didn’t start the war –Contained over 50% of white population in the South –Crucial to Union cause- sent 300,000 soldiers into Union army –Lincoln said he was “hoping to have God on his side, but he would rather have Kentucky” –West Virginia broke away from Virginia in 1861 to join Union –Strongest case against slavery being the cause Slavery existed in border states but they still fought with Union –Family members often joined opposite sides of conflict

14. Border States Politically, Lincoln had to keep border states in mind when making decisions- there was always the threat of them switching sides –****Declared war was being fought to preserve union- not about freeing the slaves –Heavily criticized by abolitionists who saw him as a sell-out

15. Secession Border states/slaves states remain loyal to the Union VA. 8 West Virginia secedes from Virginia in 1863 and sides with USA.

16. Born in Kentucky Self-educated Congressmen from Illinois Abolitionist First Presidential candidate for the Republican Party Minority president Born in Kentucky Self-educated Congressmen from Illinois Abolitionist First Presidential candidate for the Republican Party Minority president Born in Kentucky Served as Secretary of War Senator from Mississippi Slaveowner Served as Secretary of State First and only President of the CSA Born in Kentucky Served as Secretary of War Senator from Mississippi Slaveowner Served as Secretary of State First and only President of the CSA

17. GRAY/CSA Confederate States of AmericaConfederate States of America President Jefferson DavisPresident Jefferson Davis Capital: Richmond, VACapital: Richmond, VA Rebs--Rebels– “Johnny Rebs”Rebs--Rebels– “Johnny Rebs” Secessh-------SeccessionSecessh-------Seccession GraycoatsGraycoats Yellow belliesYellow bellies BLUE/USA United States of America or UnionUnited States of America or Union President Abraham LincolnPresident Abraham Lincoln Capital: Washington, D.C.Capital: Washington, D.C. Feds-----FederalFeds-----Federal Yanks-----YankeesYanks-----Yankees BluebelliesBluebellies Blue coatsBlue coats

18.  22 states  22,000,000 population  Strong Industrial economy  Majority of transportation  Lincoln, a military novice. – Learns to be an exceptional commander in chief  Believe war is about ending slavery and preserving the Union.  11 states  9,000,000 –includes 3.5 million slaves  Agricultural economy –Exports, not food  Limited manufacturing and railroad lines.  Davis, military experience. – Fought in Mexican war  Believe war is about states rights, independence and preserving their way of life. “The North’s major advantage would be its economy and the South’s main disadvantage was its economy”

19. Confederate Differences Defensive War –Only needed a stalemate- not an outright victory North had to invade, conquer, occupy, and reintegrate the South South felt they had the superior moral cause –Fought for self determination, its culture, its homeland, and freedoms (for whites)

20. Confederate Differences Better military officers –Robert E. Lee- one of the greatest military leaders in U.S. History. Offered command of US forces by Lincoln, but elected to join confederacy to remain loyal to his home state (VA) –Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson Lee’s “right-hand” man Southern soldiers more adept to outdoor life (outdoorsmen, hunters, knew the land, etc) Shorter supply and communication lines More unified in their cause

21. Northern Advantages Population of 22,000,000 to South’s 9,000,000 (which includes 3.5 million slaves) ¾ of the nation’s wealth –Overwhelming advantage in manufacturing, shipping, and banking ¾ of the railroads in the U.S. Control of the seas: (Stronger Navy) Stronger leadership at the Federal level Ideal of preserving the union and, later, emancipation gave them the moral high ground

22.  Strategy evolved over 4 years of fighting  Initially plan was to win the war in Virginia by capturing Richmond- failed badly (Bull Run, Peninsula campaign, Chancellorsville)  Gen Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan –Control river systems: cut confederacy in 2 by taking Mississippi River –Blockade and seizure of ports  Later turned to a war of attrition under Grant and Sherman  Don’t allow Confederacy to rest.  Devastate the South by cutting a swath through GA. And then sending troops through the Carolinas  Always tried to keep Confederate forces out of border states

24.  Defend and delay until Union gives up (war of attrition).  Quick victories to demoralize Union  Alliance with Great Britain  Capture Washington, D.C.  Defend Richmond  Control border states  Later Sought decisive battle that would convince the Union it wasn’t worth it  Use better military leadership to your advantage and outsmart Union generals.

25.  Telegraph –Davis uses to gather forces for Shiloh. –Fredericksburg sees first extensive use on the battlefield.  Railway –Greatly changes logistics and strategic maneuver. –North had good system; South had acceptable quantity, but no standardized track width.

26.  Outdated muskets replaced with rifle –greatly changes tactics. –more accurate, faster loading, fire more rounds than muskets –Minié ball (more destructive bullet)  Artillery –invention of shells, devices that exploded in the air. –fired canisters, special shells filled with bullets. –Grenades –land mines are used  Ironclads –replaces wooden ships  Trench warfare replaces Napoleonic tactics

27. Western Theater Eastern Theater