1. Reform and Culture in Antebellum America APUSH – Mr. Hesen

2. Nationalism in the Arts – Portraits of prominent Americans – popular in late 18 th Century – After War of 1812 – artists glorified America’s past in portraits John Trumbull Gilbert Stuart

3. Trumbull’s Declaration of Independence (1819)

4. Stuart’s George Washington (1796)

5. Hudson River School – Thomas Cole

6. Second Great Awakening – State of American religion in 18 th Century 75% attended churches – Protestant More religious choices – Rationalists, Deists, Unitarians

7. – Impact: More important than Great Awakening Revivalism – camp meetings – 25,000 people – Peter Cartwright – Charles Grandison Finney – perfectionism! Inspired social reform movements – education, temperance, abolition

8. New Sect – Mormons – Brigham Young led Mormons to Salt Lake City, UT (1846-47) Prospered as a frontier community Cultivated farmers – used irrigation in the desert Broke polygamy laws – looked down upon by other religious sects

9. Age of Reform – Most reforms were driven by evangelical churches (2 nd GA) – Perfectionism – build a perfect society around God – Women were vital in reform movements

10. Temperance (NOT Prohibition) – Alcohol abuse was rampant in 18 th and 19 th Centuries – American Temperance Society – Lynam Beecher(1826) Urged drinkers decrease alcohol consumption Organized non-drinkers clubs Over 1,000 local groups emerged – Results: Fewer women drank in excess Less per capita consumption plummeted Panics decreased demand for alcohol

11. Women’s Rights – Gender line drawn from Indust. Rev. – “Republican Motherhood” becomes “Cult of Domesticity” Woman’s “proper” role in society Influenced by 2 nd GA Sought to break away from traditional roles

12. Elizabeth Cady Stanton – Equality for women, legal rights, own property – Sought to end “feme covert” – Other major players: Lucretia Mott – Seneca Falls Convention 1848 Susan B. Anthony – militant leaders for rights Grimke Sisters – abolitionists and writers Lucy Stone – women’s rights

13. Seneca Falls Convention (1848) – “Women’s Rights Convention” – Launched modern women’s rights movement Organized by Stanton and Mott “Declaration of Sentiments” – All men AND women created equal Demanded women’s suffrage (voting) Property ownership Halted by abolitionist movement and Civil War

14. Gains for Women (before CW) – Women were admitted to colleges – Women could own property after marriage – Independent business ownership – Separate earnings from family

15. Education – Instill strong Protestant values to Americans – Horace Mann – key reform in US – BETTER ED!!! – Tax-supported education flourished in East and West – not South – Some resistance to education persisted

17. McGuffey Readers

18. Knickerbocker Group A writer's club founded by Washington Irving, James Fennimore Cooper, and William Cullen Bryant

19. Wilderness Utopias Reformers set up communities that shared “communal bonds” Oneida Community (NY) – 1848 – Believed in second coming of Christ – Practiced free love, association, birth control – “Corporate marriage”

20. Alexis de Toqueville – Democracy in America (1835)

21. Manifest Destiny

22. Election of 1844 – Symbol of Manifest Destiny – “Young Hickory” – James K. Polk (D) Sought to annex Texas and Oregon territory – Henry Clay nominated….again (W) – Liberty Party – James Birney – took votes away from Clay – Polk wins 170-105

23. Texas Joins the Union! – Republic of Texas – lasted nine years – Mexico threatened war with U.S. if annexed Texas signed treaties with EVERYONE to gain protection – France and Great Britain wanted to divide U.S. – Mexico: “Texas was taken unjustly by U.S.”

24. Oregon Trail

25. Mexican War (1846-48) – Polk wanted to buy CA from Mexico – Mexico didn’t care – wanted all of Texas back – Boundary dispute between Nueces River and Rio Grande – Polk sent men John Slidell to Mexico City in 1845 – Offered $25 million for CA

26. Declaration of War – Polk sent Gen. Zachary Taylor to march from Nueces River to Rio Grande – Advised navy to be on alert in Pacific – Mexican militia attacked Taylor’s troops – Polk asks for a war declaration – “Mr. Polk’s War” – Conscience Whigs – did not support the war – Did the war begin on U.S. territory Sen. Abraham Lincoln – “Spot Resolutions”

27. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) – Provisions: U.S. gained CA and modern day NM, AZ, UT, and NV – “Mexican Whigs” – threatened to cut off supplies to troops in Mexico – Southerners wanted all of Mexico - Calhoun

28. Results of Mexican War Slavery issue was re-ignited – Would slavery be approved in new territories? Mexican War contributed to Civil War Wilmot Proviso (1848 – proposed – did not pass) – Law proposed that slavery not exist in lands outside of Mexico U.S. territory expanded by 1/3 U.S. becomes the “Colossus of the North”