1. TAKING NOTES WHILE READING Four-step procedure: SKIM to get the rough idea of the content (title, introductory paragraph, pictures?) SCAN to spot the essential: underline the main points (key words, topic sentences) GROUP PARAGRAPHS (how many parts of the text? headings, subheadings?) READ TO ESTABLISH LOGICAL RELATIONS between parts of the text ↓ STRUCTURE! (Logical relations are expressed by signalling devices) Check it out in the Reader, p 65

2. Once you have previewed, skimmed, scanned, read the whole text and looked up the words you do not know.... DEAL WITH EACH PARAGRAPH SEPARATELY: NUMBER the paragraphs SCAN each paragraph and underline the essential, key sentence(s), words & phrases GIVE A HEADING to each paragraph (Why is it here? What is unique about it? What does it contain that cannot be found in the rest of the text?

3. SUMMARIZE THE TEXT IN NOTE FORM read paragraph headings again and see how they are connected establish relationships between headings (paragraphs) for example: –problem, causes and solution(s) –claim and illustrations / examples –proposal, arguments for and against, conclusion –situation, advantages and disadvantages, conclusion –chronological development and conclusion... use a clear visual layout and symbols, bullets, abbreviations (lists of symbols and abbreviations → Reader, p 65 & 67)

4. REMEMBER! The actual order of paragraphs in the text need not necessarily be reflected in the structure of a summary! For example, ideas and info on... “ PROBLEM - CAUSES OF THE PROBLEM - SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM” …may be dispersed throughout the text, in different paragraphs! It is your job to group the bits of information and ideas to convey the main points! You want a good example? Check out the text and its summary in Reader, p 66