1. Types of Sentence Review FRAGMENTS RUN ON COMMA SPLICE

2. Identify the following sentences as: fragment(F), run-on (R) or comma splice(CS) 1.Like the sound of my pencil on paper. 2. Please don’t worry, the coat can be washed. 3. Lunch tasted great we finished everything on our plates we ate ice cream for dessert. 4. If you think the answer is twenty two or twenty four. 5. Uncle Frank is our favorite visitor, he always brings his guitar and a song.

3. Identify the following sentences as: fragment(F), run-on (R) or comma splice(CS) Answers 1.Like the sound of my pencil on paper. (F) 2. Please don’t worry, the coat can be washed. (CS) 3. Lunch tasted great we finished everything on our plates we ate ice cream for dessert. (R) 4. If you think the answer is twenty two or twenty four. (F) 5. Uncle Frank is our favorite visitor, he always brings his guitar and a song. (CS)

4. Remember that a complete sentence meets three (3) requirements - 1) It has a subject, 2) it has a verb, and 3) it expresses a complete thought. A group of words that have all three parts is an independent clause.

5. Sentences vs. Fragments Fragment (missing POS) The children playing on the swings. Went to the grocery store yesterday. The bird nest in the top of the oak tree. My friend Larry, who has a good voice. Sentences-complete thought The children were playing on the swing. We went to the grocery store yesterday. The bird nest is in the top of the oak tree. My friend Larry has a good voice.

6. Comma Splice A comma spice is a run on sentence in which only a comma separates two complete sentences. Remember: A comma splice occurs when you incorrectly connect two simple sentences (independent clauses) with a comma instead of a period, semicolon, or FANBOYS. To correct a comma-splice, you need to: 1. make the comma a semi-colon, or 2. separate the sentences with periods, 3. add a conjunction (FANBOYS), or 4. turn one independent clause into a dependent clause Incorrect: He swung at the ball, he missed it. Correct: He swung at the ball ; he missed it.(semi-colon) He swung at the ball. H e missed it.(separate w/period) He swung at the ball, and he missed it.(comma/conjunctions) He swung at the ball and missed it. (simple sentence) When he swung at the ball, he missed it. (complex sentence)

7. Run On Sentences A run on sentence is a word group made up of two or more complete sentences that have been run together with no punctuation between them or with only a comma between them(comma splice).

8. Correcting Run-on Sentences Here are four ways you can correct run-on sentences. 1. Make two sentences. RUN-ON: The ball bounced away, a neighbor threw it back. CORRECT: The ball bounced away. A neighbor threw it back. 2. Insert a comma and a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or or (fanboys). RUN-ON: The ball bounced away a neighbor threw it back. CORRECT: The ball bounced away, but a neighbor threw it back

9. Correcting Run-on Sentences continued Here are four ways you can correct run-on sentences. – 3. Divide two independent clauses using a semi-colon. RUN-ON: The ball bounced away, a neighbor threw it back. CORRECT: The ball bounced away; a neighbor threw it back. – 4. Make one thought a dependent clause and the other an independent clause. RUN-ON: The ball bounced away a neighbor threw it back. CORRECT: Because the ball bounced away, a neighbor threw it back. A neighbor threw it back because the ball bounced away.

10. Fix the following sentences. Rewrite adding/correcting where needed. 1. Like the sound of my pencil on paper. (F) 2. Please don’t worry, the coat can be washed. (CS) 3. Lunch tasted great we finished everything on our plates we ate ice cream for dessert. (R) 4. If you think the answer is twenty two or twenty four. (F) 5. Uncle Frank is our favorite visitor, he always brings his guitar and a song. (CS)

11. Fix the following sentences. What should be added?(Answers) 1. ? like the sound of my pencil on paper. (F) missing subject 2. Please don’t worry; the coat can be washed. 3. Lunch tasted great ; we finished everything on our plates. We also ate ice cream for dessert. (R) correct combining of two complete sentences and adding word (also) 4. If you think the answer is twenty two or twenty four, rework the problem. (F) missing complete thought! 5. Uncle Frank is our favorite visitor; he always brings his guitar and a song. (R) correct combining of two complete sentences

12. Clauses A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a verb. There are two kinds of clauses… – independent – dependent.

13. Dependent Clause May contain a subject and a verb, but it does not express a complete thought. It CANNOT stand alone as a sentence. Another name for a dependent clause is a subordinate clause. A dependent clause can be joined to an independent clause to express a complete thought. Example: – We all want bargains when we buy things.(dep)

14. Independent clause Express a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Example: – We all want bargains when we buy things.

15. Identify the Clause: Independent(I) or (D) Dependent 1.The roads were slippery after the snow fell. 2.Banks pay interest on the money that customers loan them. 3.Some banks encourage savings accounts for young people before they are teens. 4.Maybe the mall where the store was charged a high rent is going to close. 5.The store made many sales, but the prices must have been too low.

16. Identify the Clause: Independent(I) or (D) Dependent 1.The roads were slippery after the snow fell.(D) 2.Banks pay interest on the money that customers loan them. (I) 3.Some banks encourage savings accounts for young people before they are teens. (I) 4.Maybe the mall where the store was charged a high rent is going to close. (D) 5.The store made many sales, but the prices must have been too low. (I)

17. Simple Sentences one complete subject/compound subject AND one complete predicate /compound predicate. *one independent clause Example: Ex—The dog ran through the door. The cat and the dog ran through the door.(compound subject) The cat ran through the door and jumped out the window. (compound predicate) After the bell, the students ran through the door. (prepositional phrase) used in a simple sentence. NOT a simple sentence: After the bell rang, the students ran through the door.(Not prepositional phrase because added a verb)Now complex.

18. Compound Sentences has two or more independent clauses. it does not have any *dependent clauses. Each independent clause is joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction or a semi-colon. Example: I forgot my homework, and I called my mom. I forgot my homework ; I called my mom.

19. Complex Sentences A simple or compound sentence that contains a dependent clause. It usually contains a subordinating conjunction: that, who, because, …. Example: Dolphins and sharks breathe oxygen(ind) which comes from different sources. (dep) Or (dep) After the bell rang, the students waited fro the teacher to dismiss the class. (ind)

20. Identify the Sentence: Simple(S) Compound(CD) or Complex(CX) 1.Several people listened, but nobody volunteered. 2.Tom and Gale quickly cut and stacked the firewood. 3.Bring your backpack when you come to school today. 4.The oldest fossils are approximately 3.5 billions years old. 5.Fossils, as you may know, are the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.

21. Identify the Sentence: Simple(s) Compound(cs) or Complex(cx) 1.Several people listened, but nobody volunteered. cs 2.Tom and Gale quickly cut and stacked the firewood. s 3.Bring your backpack when you come to school today. cx 4.The oldest fossils are approximately 3.5 billions years old. s 5.Fossils, as you may know, are the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. cx

22. Vocabulary Words for Test: Section 1 exhibit – to show; to display anticipate- to expect beforehand condone – to support; to give approval donor – one who gives cohabitation – living together

23. Vocabulary Words for Test: Section 2 prodigal – wasting resources or money agitate – to demand or to upset ergonomic- decrease discomfort and maximize work reactionary – strongly opposed to change enact – to make legal or official

24. Vocabulary Words for Test: Section 3 instantaneous – happening immediately exponential – steadily increasing composure – control over expression and action parenthetical – explaining the main idea reinstate – bring back