1. Instructional Methods of the Curriculum Dr.Sawsan Mustafa Abdalla Associate Professor

2. Learning Objectives List the instructional methods used in the curriculum Compare and contrast the various instructional methods Explain how to get the best out of these instructional methods

3. Instructional Methods Interactive lectures Case Discussions Problem Based Learning sessions Practical activity sessions Role plays Assignments Student led seminars Independent guided learning / Student Directed Learning Question and answer session Clinical learning Learning in the community

4. William Hogwarth: 1736, "Scholars at a Lecture"William Hogwarth: 1736, "Scholars at a Lecture"

5. Interactive Lectures To intellectually engage and involve students as active participants Break the lecture in segments to have students participate and work directly with the learning material May begin with an engagement trigger Or, an activity to apply what students have learned, or, are going to learn

6. BRAIN STORM! How could lectures help you learn better than other methods?

7. Case Discussion

8. Principle behind this instructional method Interactive, student-centred, exploration of realistic narratives, triggering inductive learning Acquire –Substantive knowledge, –Analytic and collaborative skills –Gain self-confidence –Attention to detail

9. Case Discussion Process Read out the case narrative Brainstorm Use the available information (from the case scenario) Explore answers to unanswered questions Engage in the intellectual and emotional exercise Face complex problems and decision making choices

10. Case Discussion Outcome In their effort to find solutions and reach decisions through discussion, they sort out factual data, apply analytical tools, articulate knowledge, reflect on their relevant experience and draw conclusions they can carry forward to new situations

11. Problem Based Learning Learning through solving problems Learning gets larger than the problem itself Three steps –Identifying the problem –Researching the solutions –Debating the solution

12. CD vs PBL Case Discussion Learning objectives provided Information set is detailed Clearly points to a disease or an issue at hand Less exploratory, more conclusion directed Problem Based Learning Learning objectives are to be derived Information set is limited Broad based with possibility of multiple disease / problem outcomes More exploratory, less conclusive

13. CD vs PBL (continued) Case Discussion Case is disclosed before hand Learning through discussion of facts Session distribution 1.Single session, where learning resources may be allowed Problem Based Learning Case disclosed on the day of session Learning through lateral thinking, problem solving and detailed exploration Session distribution 1.Brainstorming 2.Discussion through notes 3.Panel discussion

14. CD / PBL common ground Conducted through discussion Facilitates peer learning Provides opportunity for self evaluation Favors: Team work; Tolerance; Development of analytical skills Helps build research skills Inculcates scholastic behavior

16. BRAIN STORM! How could CDs and PBLs help you learn better than other methods?

17. Practical activity sessions Students are required to do things (dissect, use lab equipment, etc.) Get hands-on experience, and Develop psychomotor skills

18. BRAIN STORM! How could practical activity sessions help you learn better than other methods?

19. Role Play Role-playing refers to the changing of one's behaviour to assume a role Training to rehearse situations in preparation for a future performance Helps develop soft skills

20. BRAIN STORM! How could role play sessions help you learn better than other methods?

21. Debates

22. A method of interaction and logical argument The outcome of a debate depends upon consensus or some formal way of reaching a resolution In a formal debating contest, there are rules within a framework, defining how debaters shall interact More helpful in social sciences than in medical sciences

23. BRAIN STORM! How could debates help you learn better than other methods?

24. Assignment

25. Assignment, are tasks assigned by the teachers, usually completed outside class hours A quantity or period of reading, writing or typing to be completed, problem(s) to be solved, or other skills to be practiced Written assignments are often based on pre-decided topics

26. BRAIN STORM! How could assignments help you learn better than other methods?

27. Student led seminars Students are given topics They prepare presentations Discussions follow presentation

28. BRAIN STORM! How could students-led- seminars help you learn better than other methods?

29. Question and Answer Session During the lecture After the lecture Facilitates student learning

30. BRAIN STORM! How could Q&A sessions help you learn better than other methods?

31. Clinical Learning Clinical teaching Important in initial years Mostly in hospitals

32. BRAIN STORM! How could clinical learning help you learn better than other methods?

33. Learning in the Community Hospitals and clinics in the periphery Hospital interaction with the patients Know peoples problems Prevalence of disease

34. BRAIN STORM! How could community based learning help you learn better than other methods?

35. Recap and summary Name the various instructional methods used at the College of Medicine, Majmaah University. How are Case Discussion Sessions and PBL sessions alike, and how do they differ? Which of the learning methods are most productive in your opinion and why?

36. Questions / queries

37. Thank you