1. Application of urban models

2. Are the 3 models adequate enough to explain land use pattern in a city?  No single model alone can do.  Each model has its usefulness to explain.  Burgess: ecological factors  concentric zones  Hyott: transport routes  sectoral pattern  H&U: multiple-nuclei  suburban centres

3. 3 in 1?  Fused model  Elements of all three models are present  A centre core  Several other business districts (nuclei) around which concentric zones develop  Broken by sectors of radial growth along the main transport arteries that connect the various business districts

4. What does the city look like in a fused model?  A star-shaped or stellate city  Distinct economic, industrial and social zones  Developed along the axes of growth  E.g. railway lines

5. Which model can best describe the land use pattern in HK?  Concentric model?  Sector model?  Multiple-nuclei model?  Or a fusion of three?

6. Central core  CBD in Central District & TST  Separated by harbour

7. Sectoral development / radial growth of urban area  Along main roads, e.g. Nathan Road, Castle Peak Road, Queen’s Road  Along main railway lines, e.g. Island line  northern shore of HK Island

8. Multiple-nuclei  Regional business district, e.g. Mongkok, Causeway Bay  Outlying business district, e.g. Shatin

9. Relief  The harbour divides the CBD  The hills on HK Island restrict southward urban growth  The hills in Kowloon restrict northward urban growth  Linear urban development along the limited strip of lowland on HK Island  Land obtained by reclamation / levelling of hills

10. Transport development  New shopping nucleations developed around or above MTR stations  Telford Gardens in Kowloon Bay  City Plaza at Tai Koo Shing  Festival Walk at Kowloon Tong

11. Urban dynamics  Suburbanization  decentralization of population, commercial, industrial and residential land uses  Factories in Kwun Tong  Tai Po Industrial Estates  Shatin / Tuen Mun new town  Tsuen Wan town centre

12. Government influence  Land use planning  New town planning and development  Urban renewal and redevelopment  Anti-pollution and conservation policy  Recreational land use in urban areas  Green belts

13. Historical factor  Lack of urban planning in the past  History of urban growth  Urban decay