2. LEARNING Learning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience or reinforcement practice. Learning Means 1. There is a change. 2. The change in behavior must be relatively permanent. 3. Some form of experience is necessary for learning.

3. Principle of Learning 1. Reinforcement a) Positive Reinforcement b) Negative Reinforcement 2. Punishment

4. Classical conditioning theory : A type of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response.

6. Operant conditioning is concerned Primarily with learning that occurs as a consequence of behaviour. Operant behaviour means voluntary or learned behaviour in contrast to reflexive or unlearned behaviour

7. Example of Operant conditioning

8. Cognitive Theory Edward Tolman, Developed a concept called cognitive theories of learning. According to him, the more complex explanations of behaviour can be summarized only with the help of cognitive approaches.That means learning consists of relationships between environmental cues and expectations

9. Cognitive refers to an individual thought, knowledge, interpretations, understanding or view about oneself, and his/her environment. Based on it, cognitive structure in memory. Which preserves and organise all information relating to the events that may a occur in learning situation.

10. Social Learning Theory In this Theory People can learn through observation and direct experience. It also believes that learning can take place by modeling and self controlled processes. Four Processes to determine the influence that a model will have on an individual are. 1.Attention 2.Retention 3.Motor reproduction processes 4.Reinforcement Processes

11. THANK YOU