1. Chapter 27: Empire and Expansion Mackenzie Griffin

2. Write a Response… What did the United States focus on after the Civil War? How would this focus change as the United States grew?

3. America Turns Outward The United States began to want to expand overseas for trade and business. This interest showed through many things like James G. Blaine’s Big Sister Policy. The United States also wanted to prove their power and almost entered several wars. James G. Blaine

4. America Turns Outward cont. Cause: The United States almost entering war several times with foreign countries like Germany, Italy, Chile, and Britain Effect: This showed the United States’ desire to be involved to prove their power and their interest in foreign affairs.

5. Spurning the Hawaiian Pear The United States looked at Hawaii as an extension of the country. The American planters wanted Hawaii to become a state. But the treaty to annex Hawaii was passed after Harrison’s term ended and new President Cleveland didn’t agree so he did not sign.

6. Cuban’s Rise in Revolt Cubans revolted against Spain and America gave them support. Washington sent the battleship, Maine, to Cuba to protect the Americans if needed. The ship was destroyed. This angered the Americans and led to war as well as the passing of the Teller Amendment.

7. Dewey’s May Day Victory at Manila Assistant Naval Secretary, Theodore Roosevelt, directed George Dewey to take over the Philippines. While this was going on, attention was focused on Hawaii and McKinley approved annexation. George Dewey

8. The Confused Invasion of Cuba Spain sent a fleet of warships to Cuba and this panicked the East coast of the United States. An American army, joined by the Rough Riders, was sent in to force out the Spanish ships. As they closed in on Santiago, the Spanish ships left and Santiago surrendered.

9. America’s Course(Curse?) of Empire In 1898, Spain and America met and negotiated but there was still a problem with the Philippines. McKinley decided to annex all of the islands, now they had to decide what to do with them.

10. Makers of America: The Puerto Ricans Puerto Rico had belonged to Spain but many immigrants went to the United States and asked for independence from Spain. They were granted their independence in 1897 but after the Spanish-American War, they belonged to America. The United States improved conditions in Puerto Rico and granted them U.S. citizenship in 1917.

11. Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba Puerto Rico was neither a state nor a territory but Puerto Ricans were given citizenship in 1917. They had to follow the American rule just like the Filipinos. However they didn’t enjoy all the rights that Americans did. The United States withdrew from Cuba but added the Platt Amendment to their Constitution.

12. Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba cont. Cause: The United States withdrawing from Cuba but forcing them to add the Platt amendment to their Constitution. Effect: Cuba was now under the United States’ control, Cubans couldn’t sign treaties or take on debt, and the United States could get involved if needed to keep order.

13. New Horizons in Two Hemispheres The Spanish-American War lasted 113 days. This war improved the United States’ world power and brought the North and the South back together.

14. New Horizons in Two Hemispheres cont. Cause: The United States winning the Spanish- American War. Effect: The United States’ world power greatly improved and the North and the South came back together again.

15. “Little Brown Brothers” in the Philippines After the Spanish-American War the Filipinos thought they were free, but they weren’t. This angered them and they began to fight. William H. Taft became the Philippines’ civil governor and Washington spent a lot of money to make the Philippines better. The Filipinos weren’t too happy about this. William H. Taft

16. “Little Brown Brothers” in the Philippines cont. Cause: After the Spanish-American War, Filipinos thought that they’d be free but they weren’t. Effect: This angered the Filipinos and they began to fight. This led to the United States sending in more troops and the fighting continued until Aguinaldo was captured.

17. Makers of America: The Filipinos The United States wanted to set up a democracy in the Philippines. They educated a group of Filipino students hoping that they’d spread it to others and develop American culture. Some Filipino immigrants worked in California on farms.

18. Hinging the Open Door in China China was facing many problems with other countries. This worried the United States because of their missionaries and trading. So John Hay sent the Open Door note. But he never really discussed this idea with China and some of them didn’t like it. Those who didn’t like it started the Boxer Rebellion in 1900.

19. Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900? The Republicans renominated McKinley with Theodore Roosevelt as his Vice President and the Democrats nominated William Jennings Bryan. McKinley and Roosevelt ended up winning. William McKinley William Jennings Bryan

20. TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick McKinley was murdered in New York six months after his new term began. Vice President, Roosevelt, took over. Teddy was friendly with everyone and believed that the President could make decisions and ignored the checks and balances system. Theodore Roosevelt

21. Building the Panama Canal One of Roosevelt’s first issues to deal with was to create a waterway through Central America. The United States decided on the Panama route but Columbia denied their first offer. So Roosevelt made Panama an outpost and signed the Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty.

22. Building the Panama Canal cont. Cause: The Clayton-Bulwer treaty preventing the United States from controlling a waterway through Central America. Effect: This led to the Hay-Pauncefote treaty being signed and the United States building the canal through the Panama route.

23. TR’s Perversion of Monroe’s Doctrine Venezuela and Dominican Republic were in debt to European countries and Roosevelt didn’t want Germany or Britain to collect these debts in Latin America. So he added the Roosevelt Corollary. Latin America wasn’t fond of this “Bad Neighbor policy”.

24. Roosevelt on the World Stage In 1904, Russia and Japan were at war. At first Japan was devastating Russia but when their military and finances weakened, they asked Roosevelt to help negotiate peace. Which he was happy to do. The United States’ relationship with Russia and Japan went downhill.

25. Roosevelt on the World Stage cont. Cause: During the Russo-Japanese War, Japan was doing really well but eventually their military and finances weakened. Effect: So they asked Roosevelt for help negotiating peace and he was happy to do so. But this led to the United States’ relationship with Japan and Russia going downhill.

26. Thinking Globally: The Age of Empire Many countries like the United States and Japan were growing and becoming strong empires. Technology, industry, and wealth were all growing as well.

27. Japanese Laborers in California After the Russo-Japanese War, many immigrants from Japan went to California. But when there was discrimination against Japanese, Chinese, and Korean students, the “Gentlemen’s Agreement” was put into effect. Roosevelt sent a fleet of ships around the world, they were welcomed in many countries but most importantly Japan.

28. Varying Viewpoints: Why Did America Become a World Power? People had different views on why the United States became a world power: 1.Pressure from other countries 2.Economic reasons 3.Needing materials from overseas 4.Social ladder

29. Chapter Themes Economic: Hawaii was a big center for sugar production but the McKinley tariff took a negative toll on the industry. Economic: John Hay’s Open Door note created the “Open Door Policy” which made sure the United States would have the opportunity to trade with China. Social: When the Puerto Ricans came to New York to find work they faced racism and their income was often lower than blacks and Mexicans. Social: The Spanish-American War improved the United States’ world power and brought the North and South back together.

30. Chapter Themes cont. Social: When Roosevelt tried to help Japan negotiate peace during the Russo-Japanese War, he ended up causing the United States’ relationship with Japan and Russia to go downhill. Political: Cubans began to revolt against Spain and America gave them support. Butcher Weyler tried to stop the insurrectos’ rebellion by using camps similar to concentration camps. Political: The Republicans renominated McKinley and the Democrats nominated William Jennings Bryan. Due to McKinley’s Vice President Roosevelt’s loud campaign, McKinley won. But when he was murdered shortly after, Roosevelt took over.

31. Exit Question… Name and describe one way that the United States got involved with foreign affairs. Explain how this event affected the United States.