1. Exploring the Americas: 1400 - 1625
Exploring North America

2. Church Divided 1517- Martin Luther (German monk)
Nails list of complaints about Catholic Church to door of local cathedral
95 Theses
Believed church corrupt
including the Pope!!!
Believed faith not good deeds was way to Heaven
Can’t buy salvation
Changes Europe…
B4 all Europe Roman Catholic
Now… people question ideals of Roman Catholic Church
Begin to “protest” it
Become known as “protestants”
Movement away from Catholic Church to other versions of Christianity called Protestant Reformation
Beginning of Lutherans

3. Protestantism Spreads
Luther’s ideas spread widely
John Calvin (French)
Agrees w/ Luther and also breaks away from Catholic Church
Start of Calvinism
King Henry VIII of England breaks away too
Selfish reasons though
Wants divorce; Catholic says, “NO!”
Declares all England now members of new Church of England
King is head of church now, not Pope!
Europe divides
Countries and people decide whether to stay Catholic or join Protestant version of Christianity
Spain and France stay Catholic and work to spread their ideas
English and Dutch turn Protestant
New World will be divided as well
“Come here, Honey… come look through this hole. I have a surprise for you!”

4. Money, Power, Respect
Religion only 1 of factors that pushed Europeans across Atlantic
Mercantilism: money = POWER
Spain controls trade route, trade, money
So… have all the power
Too powerful to be challenged directly
Other countries explore areas Spain doesn’t control
New World has tons of goodies and resources
$$$ to be made

5. The Columbian Exchange
Voyages of Columbus and other explorers
Brought 2 parts globe B4 had no contact
Europe & Asia
Americas
Led to exchange of goods on both sides of Atlantic
To Americas- Colonists, animals, plants, Disease
To Europe- Crops, food, disease

6. A Northwest Passage
Treaty of Tordesillas divided Americas between Spain and Portugal
Didn’t allow for claims by other countries
England, France, & Netherlands ignored treaty
They wanted in on the $$$ from trade and colonization too
Voyage to Asia, either around Africa or S. America long and difficult
Want to find route going NW over Canada
“NW Passage”
1497- England sent John Cabot look
Only made it to Newfoundland
But trip was basis for future attempts
1524- France hires Giovanni da Verrazano to look
Explored coast from N. Canada all the way to Carolinas
1535- French hire Jacques Cartier
Sails up St. Lawrence hoping it would lead to Pacific
Made it to present-day Montreal, claiming land for France

7. Hudson’s Discoveries Netherlands (Dutch) wanted to find NW Passage too
1609- Dutch hire Henry Hudson
Discovers the Hudson River
Sails up as far as Albany and turns back
1610- hired by England and discovers Hudson Bay
Thought it was the Pacific but when couldn’t find outlet crew rebelled
Hudson, his son, and a few sailors were kicked off boat never to be seen again

8. French Open Trading Posts
Not really interested in building an empire in New World
Saw it as opportunity for $$$ in fishing and fur trade
Furs were popular in Europe
Traders make big time $$$ in beaver pelts
Made agreement w/ Natives to trade fur
1608- sent Samuel de Champlain to set up trading post
Turns into modern-day Quebec
Used Quebec as basis for moving into other parts of Canada
Built trading posts for fur

9. Dutch Settlements Wanted its share in world trade
Hudson’s voyage starts their claims
Netherlands was small but had large fleet of ships
1621- Dutch West India Company sets up trading colony
New Netherland
Where Hudson explored
1624- sets up forts
Fort Orange (Albany)
Fort Burlington Island (NJ)
Fort Nassau (Philadelphia)
New Amsterdam (Manhattan Island)(NYC)
1626- Governor pays Manhates Natives for the island in goods
Goods included cloth, beads, trinkets, and metal tools like axes and hoes