1. BELLWORK 1.What was the Magna Carta? 2.What is Parliament? 3.What did English, French, and Roman monarchies have in common? Read “Byzantine Foundations” on page 101 and answer the following questions: 4.How did the Byzantine Empire come into existence? 5.Why was the city of Constantinople so important to the Byzantine Empire? (List 3 reasons!) 6.Describe culture and society within the Byzantine Empire.

2. Unit 1 Test 3 Parts: –Part 1: Short Answers = 20 points –Part 2: Matching = 10 points –Part 3: Scantron Multiple Choice = 50 points TOTAL = 80 points

3. Short Answer #1 Explain the background of human origins, leading to the Neolithic Revolution. –Where did human civilization originate? When? 4.4 million years ago in Eastern Africa – 2 pts –Explain the progression of civilization through the Ice Age and Stone Age. Ice Age happened when the summers did not get hot enough, causing glaciers to spread across the earth, and sea levels dropped – 2 pts \ Stone Age marked the beginning of tool making using stone – 1 pt –What were the first classes of Homo sapiens? How were they different? First classes were Neanderthals and Cro Magnons. – 1 pt Neanderthals were shorter, stockier, broad facial features – 2pts –What was the Neolithic Revolution? How did this change early civilizations? Important transition between nomadic hunter/gatherers to people producing their own food – 2 pts

4. Short Answer #2 Describe the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta, as well as, their major conflict leading to the Peloponnesian Wars. –What were the characteristics of Sparta? City-state that focused on military and army – 2 pts –What were the characteristics of Athens? City-state that focused on the arts and intellect – 2 pts –What was the Peloponnesian War? War between the two Greek city states for power and control over Greece – 2 pts –Which side won the war? How and Why? Sparta won – 2 pts; They won because Persia joined Sparta’s side and the Athenian plague killed 1/3 of Athens’ population – 2 pts

5. Short Answer #3 Explain the Macedonian empire and their two most important leaders: Phillip II and Alexander the Great. –Who was Phillip II? What were his goals for the Macedonian empire? Phillip II was the King of Macedonia; His goals were to create a strong army, unify the Greek city-states, and defeat Persia – 3 pts –What happened to Phillip II? Who became the next ruler? Phillip II was assassinated by his body guard, Pausinias, and his son, Alexander took over – 2 pts –Who was Alexander the Great? What achievements did he make for the empire? Next great leader of Macedonia. He defeated Persia, expanded empire to 22 million sqmi, combined cultures – 3 pts –Why was the Macedonian empire so successful? He let the conquered peoples keep their own culture, very strong rule – 2 pts

6. Short Answer #4 Describe Augustus Caesar’s rule and achievements he made to the modern world. –How did Augustus come to power in Rome? Augustus comes to power after Julius Caesar is assassinated and Rome gets out of Civil War (2points) –What were Augustus’ main reforms he implemented in the Roman Empire? Ruled for 40 years, he attacked government corruption, imported food for the poor, and architecture – 3 pts –What were Augustus’ main accomplishments? Started Pax Romana, which lasted 200 years – 2 points –What achievements in the Roman Empire contributed to society in modern America? Language, architecture, art, sculpture, roads, government, court system, laws – 3 points

7. Monarchies As you know, the most powerful monarchies in Medieval Europe were England, France, and Rome. Let’s discuss how each king made changes within his kingdom. Pay attention and fill in any missing information!

8. The Crusades The Crusades: Series of nine military battles where European Christians tried to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. 1096-1254

9. The Crusades - background In the 1000’s, the Seljuk Turks (from Central Asia) took control of Jerusalem and surrounding areas. Jerusalem was a sacred city for Jews, Muslims and Christians……. All wanted control! The purpose of the Crusades was for the Christians to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. Muslims (Turks/Seljuks) vs. Christians (Rome/Byzantine) After about 160 years of fighting, the Muslims won! To learn more about these important religious battles, you are going to complete a worksheet. We will do some portions together, so follow along!

11. The First Crusade 1096-1099 Ended with the Christian capture of Jerusalem

12. The Second Crusade 1147-1149 In response to the fall of the County of Edessa (one of the first crusader states established during First Crusade)

13. The Third Crusade 1189-1192 In response to the loss of Jerusalem to Muslims. The Christians were unsuccessful and could not capture the Jerusalem.

14. Nursery Rhymes Nursery Rhymes were the earliest political cartoons. At the time, it was extremely dangerous to criticize the government, so people disguised their feelings with nursery rhymes. We are going to read three of the most popular nursery rhymes and learn what they really mean.