1. BELLWORK To answer bellwork today, read the Twelve Tables packet. This is yours to keep, so you may highlight/take notes as you read. Answer the following: To answer bellwork today, read the Twelve Tables packet. This is yours to keep, so you may highlight/take notes as you read. Answer the following: 1. Explain the earliest system of law, including the role of kings and priests. 2. What is the jus civile? How was it used to settle disputes? 3. What was Roman law based on? Which specific laws prove this? 4. The laws were written in a way that everyone could understand. Why do you think it was important for the leaders to do this? 5. What were the Twelve Tables? 6. What rights did Roman men have? Hint: look at tables IV & V. 7. Explain Table VIII. What does it forbid? 8. THINKER: Describe the similarities between the 12 Tables and modern American law. Try and get at least 2!

2. The Twelve Tables Based on custom Based on custom Written so everyone could understand (Plebeians) Written so everyone could understand (Plebeians) On display in the Forum Romanum On display in the Forum Romanum Written on brass tablets, called tables Written on brass tablets, called tables

4. Tables 1-4 1. You must appear in court if you are summoned 2. If a witness does not show in court, they will be summoned every three days until they show 3. You have 30 days to pay a debt 4. If a child is born deformed, they will be killed immediately & inheritance goes to the eldest son

5. Tables 5-8 5. Females must have a guardian 6. You cannot take another person’s property 7. Roads must be kept in order 8. Thieves cannot be killed by day; seditious gatherings at night are forbidden

6. Tables 9-12 9. The penalty of receiving a bribe is death 10. You cannot bury/burn a corpse within the city; women cannot wail/cry at funerals 11. Marriages between Plebeians and Patricians are forbidden 12. Whatever laws are passed by the Senate, are official laws in the empire.

7. THINKER Discussion What are the similarities between Rome’s 12 Tables and the current U.S. government? What are the similarities between Rome’s 12 Tables and the current U.S. government?

8. Review: Roman Revolts How did expansion of the empire lead to problems within Rome? How did expansion of the empire lead to problems within Rome? Explain the Punic Wars. Explain the Punic Wars. Why did Romans revolt against the Republic? Why did Romans revolt against the Republic? Why & how did Julius Caesar come to power? Did people support this? Why & how did Julius Caesar come to power? Did people support this? Describe Caesar’s reforms. Describe Caesar’s reforms.

9. Roman Empire Two periods of Roman government: Two periods of Roman government: Roman Republic: 509BC – 30BC Roman Republic: 509BC – 30BC Roman Empire: 30BC – 476AD Roman Empire: 30BC – 476AD Rome technically had an “empire” under the Roman Republic Rome technically had an “empire” under the Roman Republic The Term “Roman Empire” refers to the time period, beginning with Augustus, when Rome was ruled by emperors The Term “Roman Empire” refers to the time period, beginning with Augustus, when Rome was ruled by emperors

10. Reform After a period of civil war, Caesar’s nephew, Augustus, became the ruler of Rome in 32 BC. After a period of civil war, Caesar’s nephew, Augustus, became the ruler of Rome in 32 BC. In the 40 years of Augustus’ reign he introduced many reforms: In the 40 years of Augustus’ reign he introduced many reforms: Attacked government corruption Attacked government corruption Encouraged the growth of business Encouraged the growth of business Extended citizenship to more provinces Extended citizenship to more provinces Established fire and police departments for Rome Established fire and police departments for Rome Imported food for Rome’s poor Imported food for Rome’s poor Built and maintained the empire’s infrastructure Built and maintained the empire’s infrastructure Established a strong money system Established a strong money system Begun Pax Romana (Roman Peace) which lasted 200yrs Begun Pax Romana (Roman Peace) which lasted 200yrs

11. “I found Rome a city of bricks, and left it a city of marble” -Augustus Caesar

12. Augustus Caesar’s Power Originally named Octavian, the Senate gave him the name Augustus meaning “most high” Originally named Octavian, the Senate gave him the name Augustus meaning “most high” Made consul for life by the Senate Made consul for life by the Senate Also made Princeps, meaning “first citizen” Also made Princeps, meaning “first citizen” Origin of the word prince Origin of the word prince Also made Imperator meaning “successful general” Also made Imperator meaning “successful general” Origin of the word emperor Origin of the word emperor Also made Pontifex Maximus meaning “chief religious leader” Also made Pontifex Maximus meaning “chief religious leader” Origin of the word pontiff (used to describe the pope) Origin of the word pontiff (used to describe the pope) Had the power to call the Senate, veto Senate laws & make laws himself Had the power to call the Senate, veto Senate laws & make laws himself

15. Roman Society Jigsaw