2. Life in early America Mr. Kilbourn

4. Reasons for migration: 1.England is overpopulated 2.Expand to new markets – e.g., wool 3.Precious metals – gold!! 4.New source of olive oil, wine, etc?? 5.Route to the Indies 6.Protestant Zeal – These were motives all the way; thru 1770s

5. Colonial Organization (1606) Royal Charter – by King James Council – politicians and merchants who would recruit and define governmental structure Two bodies given the charge – Virginia Company of Plymouth (41 – 45 degrees) – Virginia Company of London (34 – 38 degrees) – Latitude between – either one

6. Conditions of the Charters Inland for 100 miles All rights of trade with natives Exploitation of precious metals (1/5 to crown) Consideration to the Natives – Offered true religion – Offered peaceful governance – All their lands passed to the two companies (Note: ignored claims of France and Spain)

7. Colony – What is a colony? A settlement in a new area. The first colonies in North America were along the eastern coast. Settler – What is a settler? A person that moves to an area, usually to colonize.. Settlers came from Spain, France, Sweden, Holland, and England.

9. Some people didn’t like, or agree with, the Church of England. They wanted the Church to be more pure. These people were called Puritans. They decided to start a colony in the North East part of America.

10. Wealth and resources New beginning Get out of debt Escape political persecution

11. Each colony was unique in it’s characteristics. However, they are grouped together based on location, reasons they were founded, and what types of industries they had. New England Colonies Rhode Island Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire Middle Colonies DelawarePennsylvania New York New Jersey Southern Colonies MarylandVirginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

13. Frontier– What is a frontier? Lands beyond the areas already settled. Colonists would expand their settlements beyond what was already colonized by heading in a westerly direction. Sometimes this expansion would cause conflicts with Native Americans. Charter – What is a charter? An official paper. Settlers had permission from the King of England to start colonies in America.

14. The settlers here wanted to keep their family together and practice their own religions. They were used to doing many things themselves and not depending on other people for much. Some were looking for economic opportunities. Some starting fishing settlements

15. People in New England towns lived, worked, and worshiped close together. People used a barter system instead of money. This means to trade goods. The meetinghouse was the most important building in the town.

16. Women and girls spent hours cooking and preparing food. They churned butter and dried fruits. This food was stored to last through the winter. They used animal fat to make candles and soaps. The men would hunt and work in the fields. They also made their own tools.

17. -farming and fishing communities -made their own clothes and shoes -corn and wheat grew in large numbers and much was shipped to England -Boston was the major New England port.

18. By 1750, busy cities cropped up around the New England colonies. Some colonists lived in small towns surrounded by farm land outside of the big cities.

19. One room One teacher Very strict, children were often whipped for punishment The main subject was reading

20. Rhode Island In 1636, Rhode Island became a colony after Roger Williams, a clergyman, obtained a charter from England to form the colony. He spoke out against the Puritans strictness and went to this area to settle and provide religious choice. Rhode Island also had freedom of religion. New England Colony Roger Williams “minister, author”

21. Connecticut Also founded in 1636 by a clergyman by then name of Thomas Hooker. He led a group of people from Rhode Island to start their own colony and they had freedom of religion. New England Colony A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.

22. Massachusetts Founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims. Plymouth was the original name of the settlement. John Carver was the leader of the Pilgrims and author of the Mayflower Compact. Puritans then came and settled Boston (Mass. Bay Colony) John Winthrop was the governor of this settlement. New England Colony Plymouth PlantationPlymouth Plantation, with Cape Cod Bay visible in the distanceCape Cod Bay Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

23. Massachusetts The first Thanksgiving.

24. New Hampshire Sold to the king of England in 1679. Royal colony: king chooses governor and no elected government. New England Colony

26. Refuge– What is refuge? A safe place. Many colonists longed to find a refuge to live and worship that was away from the King’s rules.

27. Immigrant– What is an immigrant? A person that comes into a country to start a new life. People came to America from many different places to start a new life. Diversity– What is diversity? A group of people from very different backgrounds. The Middle colonies were an interesting place to live because of the diversity among the people.

28. The settlers here were looking to practice their own religion or to make money. Many of these people didn't bring their families with them from England and were the perfect workers for the hard work required in ironworks and shipyards.

29. -These Colonies were part agriculture, part industrial -Wheat and other grains were grown -Factories produced iron, paper and textiles -Trading goods with England was common

30. -Sometimes called the “The Bread Basket” colonies because they grew so many crops for making bread. -In addition to the lush land for growing crops, there were several large harbors. - Germans built the Conestoga wagon here

31. -Settlers that lived here came from many different places and backgrounds. -Dutch, Swedish, French, Belgian, English, and more! Many lived in Philadelphia -Philadelphia means “brotherly love” in Greek. It was founded on the principles of living peacefully together.

32. -Believed all people were equal -Refused to swear loyalty to the king or queen -Refused to participate in war -Came to the Americas for refuge and worship -Lived in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania

33. New York Started as New Netherland, a Dutch colony in 1609 James Duke of York was given it from Charles II. The English took over in 1664 and renamed it New York. Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony) James, Duke of York

34. Pennsylvania In 1681, William Penn was granted a charter for land between Maryland and New York. King Charles was in debt to Penn’s father. Penn was a Quaker and he gave the people two rights: 1. Freedom of Religion 2. Right to elect public officials. Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony

35. Delaware In 1682, the Duke of York granted William Penn this land. It became a colony in 1704. Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony)

36. New Jersey The Duke of York split this land in half for two friends. (East Jersey & West Jersey) Government quarrels caused them to be combined in 1702. Middle Colony (Breadbasket Colony) Map of New Netherland (17th century)

38. Overseer– What is a overseer? Someone that was hired to watch slaves as they worked. Plantation owners hired overseers to watch the slaves and make sure they did their jobs. Indigo– What is indigo? A plant that was used in making blue dye. The farmers grew indigo plants. Indigo was an important cash crop for the Southern colonies.

39. The settlers here, for the most part, wanted to make money. They brought their families and they kept their them together on the plantations. But their main reason for being here was to make the good money.

40. -almost entirely agricultural -plantations were abundant -a large part of the workforce was African slaves -plantations grew tobacco, rice, and indigo

41. -Slavery was legal -Children born to slaves became slave themselves -Sometimes families were broken apart and sold to other plantation owners -Enslaved people were often abused or beaten

42. Virginia Founded in 1607 (Jamestown) Captain John Smith is given credit for starting this colony. Many people at this time wanted to leave their homeland in order to have more freedoms and to not be under the strict rule of the kings of England. Southern Colony

43. Virginia Map of Virginia published by John Smith (1612) At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of Christopher Newport's 3 ships are docked in the harbor.Jamestown Settlement Christopher Newport A Pocahontas statue was erected in Jamestown, Virginia in 1922 Jamestown, Virginia

44. Jamestown April, 1607 3 ships James River (50 miles)

45. Jamestown - early history (London Group)early history Bad site – low and swampy Death and misery Trading post – Male population – Working for the company 1616-1624: change to permanent colony – Profitable product – System of landholding

46. Private Property Headright system 50 acres/head Capt. Adam Throughgood – this guy accumulated 105 headrights over 20 years!! Result Plantation economy – large and dispersed; NOT towns 1650 – Jamestown had 30 houses

47. King Tobacco Indigenous to new world – One-crop economy – Dependent on England for supplies – Soil depletion – Labor intensive

48. Not everybody liked it!! " Smoking is a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in the black, stinking fume thereof nearest resembling the horrible Stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless." -- James I of England, "A Counterblaste to Tobacco."

49. 1700 By the end of the century (1700) there was distinct evidence of regional homogeneity within the Chesapeake. The commitment to a tobacco plantation and slave system, with its consequent class structure, was widespread. Life was overwhelmingly rural, dispersed, and decentralized.

50. Slavery Tobacco culture – labor intensive and large land-holding Indentured labor unreliable, lacked permanence, also thirsted for their own land; flow from England reduced Virginia and Maryland population growth in 1660-1700 (35,000 to 88,000) African Slaves 1670-1700: 12,000 slaves to Chesapeake

51. Maryland Founded in 1634 by George Calvert who started a charter but didn’t live to see it come true. He believed all people should have religious freedom. King Charles I was king and didn’t agree with the religious freedom. In 1649, the Toleration Act was passed that guaranteed equality of rights for everyone for religion. Southern Colony George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

52. North Carolina Founded in 1663 by English nobles. Charter granted by Charles II. Charleston: main city was named after Charles II. Became very important port city. Bad politics forced a split of the colony into North and South. Southern Colony King Charles II

53. South Carolina In 1729 South Carolina received its name after a political dispute and became a colony. Had large plantations for growing crops and raising livestock. Southern Colony

54. Georgia It became a colony in 1733. James Oglethorpe was granted a charter to start Georgia for the poor and unfortunate who leave prison. It was known as a buffer zone between the Spanish and the English colonies. Southern Colony

57. Boys normally went to grammar schools while girls went to dame school. There were no chalkboards, maps, or paper. School teachers were strict and were allowed to hit their students or make them wear a dunce hat if they were bad or said the wrong answer.

58. In the New England colonies, children were taught to read so they could study the Bible. Boys got to also learn Latin and Math and other subjects to get into college. Girls could learn to read, but they weren't allowed to go to grammar school or to college. In the Middle Colonies, most schools were private. Students also learned other subjects so they could get into college. Girls weren't allowed to attend (unless they were Quakers). In the Southern Colonies, children were mostly taught at home. As in the other colonies, Southern girls did not go to higher schooling.

60. As colonists settled and spread across New England, they entered land that was already lived on by Native Americans.

61. The Native Americans and colonists began attacking each other’s villages. They had very different ideas about owning land. Natives believed no one could own land while colonists believed you could own it if you claim it. Arguments began to lead to war resulting in lives lost. Some tribes were nearly completely wiped out.

62. Colonysettlerfrontiercharterindigo Refugeimmigrantdiversityoverseer 1.A plant used to make blue dye. 2.Someone hired to watch slaves. 3.An official piece of paper. 4.The area west of a colony that is to be settled. 5.A settlement in a new area. 6. A safe place. 7. A person that comes into a country to start a new life. 8.A person that settled in the colonies. 9.The word from when people are from all different backgrounds.

63. 1.Indigo 2.Overseer 3.Charter 4.Frontier 5.Colony 6.Refuge 7.Immigrant 8.Settler 9.Diversity

64. Great Job!!!