1. Economic Recovery Sparks Change-Part I By Michael Craig and Jacob Kornfeld

2. An Agricultural Revolution Technology Improves Farming Made harvesting more productive  Upgraded from wood to iron plows  allowed to go deeper in soil  Pulled by horses

3. An Agricultural Revolution Cont’d Production and Population Grow  Lords Wanted More Money  Peasants to do jobs  Created caring for crops: The Three Field System  2/3rds be planted instead ½ the land  Population tripled after this

4. Revival of Trade and Travel  Late 1000s -Feudal warfare declined -Foreign invasion declined  Formation of Merchant Companies - Nobles hired merchants - Merchants hired guards - Exchanged goods in Middle East/Asia

6. Trade Routes Trade route -Bought goods in Constantinople -Shipped to Venice -Goods brought to countries around the Baltic Sea Hanseatic League -Formed in 1200s -Dominated trade -Protected against pirates and thieves

7. Development of Cities Formed around were merchants stopped -Had populations of 10,000 to 100,000 people in them -Biggest cities in Flanders and northern Italy -Ends of a large trade route

8. Merchant Charters Merchants asked lords for charters - Charters= a written document that sets forth the rights and privileges of a town - merchants paid king/lord -Charters had loopholes Manors became to heavily populated.

9. A Commercial Revolution The Beginnings of Modern Business  Partnerships  Formed between merchants  Joined together for a big plan  Insurance Created by merchants Applied to shipped goods  Money Credit cards usage started

10. A Commercial Revolution Cont’d Society Begins to Change ▫Updating to the economy ▫Society built back up  Peasants paid rent with money, not labor ▫Moneylenders important to society The Church ▫Did not allow lending money and interest

11. Aims What role did agriculture play in medieval life? What role did the development of trade and towns play in medieval life? Serfs paid rent with crops rather than labor Most peasants were farmers Farming controlled their lives Trade helped make of cities Nobles able to purchase luxuries from middle east Cultural diffusion