1. Earth’s Terrestrial Biomes

2. Tundra
•Average Temp (Summer: 12ºC Winter: −26ºC)
•Average Yearly Rainfall 30 to 50 cm
Adapt to: frozen soil beneath the surface (permafrost)
soil is too shallow for deep-rooted plants
Plants: grasses & small shrubs, mosses & lichens grow beneath the plants
Animals: insects lay eggs in the mud, birds feed on the
Insects, musk oxen, wolves, & caribou
Permafrost = A layer of soil below the ground that remains frozen =
Alpine Tundra
Warmer than Tundra
plenty of sunlight & precipitation
found at the top of tall mountains
trees cannot grow on mountain
Hoofed mammals (goats, ram)
small rodents
Arctic Tundra

3. Taiga Forest = Coniferous Forest
•Average Temp. (Summer: 14ºC Winter: −10ºC)
•Average Yearly Rainfall 35 to 75 cm
Adapt to: lack of light, cold temperatures, ground cover of needles
Plants: coniferous trees (cones), low brush
Animals: Squirrels, insects, & birds like finches, chickadees, & jays
Herbivores: porcupines, elk, & moose
CONIFERS = CONES

4. Temperate Deciduous Forest = where we live
Average Temp. (Summer: 28ºC Winter: 6ºC)
Average Yearly Rainfall 75 to 125 cm
Adapt to: 4 seasons, drought, flooding, temperature changes
Plants: deciduous trees, fruit and flowering bushes, seeds & nuts
mammals, birds, & reptiles thrive on leaves & insects
DECIDUOUS = leaves fall

5. Grassland Average Temp. (Summer: 30ºC Winter: 0ºC)
•Average Yearly Rainfall 25 to 75 cm
Adapt to: Drought, fires, no cover from sunlight,
Animals grazing prevents growth of trees & shrubs
Plants: grasses and wild flowers
Animals: small seed-eating animals: prairie dogs & mice,
large mammals

6. Savanna •Average Temp. (Dry season: 34ºC Wet season: 16ºC)
•Average Yearly Rainfall 150 cm
Locations: Africa, India, & South America
Adapt to: drought & Flooding, warm temperatures
Plants in dry season: grasses dry out & turn yellow, deep roots to survive for many months without water
Animals: African savanna large herbivores: elephants, giraffes, zebras, &
wildebeests

7. Desert
•Average Temp (Summer: 38ºC Winter: 7ºC)
•Average Yearly Rainfall less than 25 cm
Adaptations: plants grow far apart, have shallow & widespread roots
Plants: cactus have fleshy stems & leaves to store water, leaves have a waxy coating to prevent water loss, spikes collect small drops of water
Animals: many animals are active at night when temperatures are cooler, borough in the ground, & are dormant during the dry season (estivation). tortoises store the water under their shells

8. Tropical Rain Forest •Average Temp. (Daytime: 34ºC Nighttime: 20ºC)
•Average Yearly Rainfall up to 400 cm
Adapt to: thin soil with no nutrients, lack of light near forest floor, heavy rains, hot & humid
Plants: large variety, trees with above ground roots, succulent flowering plants
greater variety of organisms than
any other biome (reptiles, amphibians, mammals

9. 4 Types of FRESH WATER Streams & Rivers
Examples: white water or meandering
Adapt to: how quickly water moves, amount of light,
amount of oxygen, in fast-moving water have adaptations to keep from being washed away: suction disks to hold rocks, insects live under rocks.
Producers: algae and moss, (shrubs, grass, trees on the edges
Animals: tadpoles, amphibians, snakes, insects, fish, clams & snails

10. FRESH WATER: Ponds and lakes
Zones: littoral, open-water, deep-water
Adapt to: amount of light, water depth, oxygen content
Producers: algae, plankton, bacteria, cattails and rushes
Small Animals: snails and insects,clams and worms bury in the mud
Larger Animals: Frogs, salamanders, turtles, snakes fish: bass, lake trout, catfish, carp,

11. Marine Intertidal zone: water is warm & receives lots of sunlight
Zones: Intertidal, Neritic, Benthic
Intertidal zone:
water is warm & receives lots of sunlight
Neritic zone: deep water of open ocean
Benthic zone: no sunlight, very cold
Adapt to: water temperature, depth, & the amount of light, air exposure & keep from being washed away by the waves
Producers: plankton, Chemosynthesis: organisms get energy from chemicals that escape from thermal vents
Animals: corals, sea turtles, fishes, dolphins, fish, whales, & sharks, worms, & crabs which get food by eating material that sinks from above

12. Estuaries
Description: fresh water from streams & rivers spill into the ocean, rich in nutrients
Adapt to:
fresh water & salt water are always mixing changing the salinity (salt content)
Producers: water grasses, plankton, algae
Animals: Mammals like manatee, dolphins & otters, birds, fish, worms

13. HAS TREES Wetland --Swamps
Description: ecosystem of trees and vines in low-lying areas
beside slow-moving rivers, flooded part of the year
Adapt to: fires, lack of sunlight, methane gas
Plants: trees: willows, bald cypresses, and oaks, & vines, orchids, water lilies
Animals: fish, snakes, & birds, alligators
HAS TREES

14. HAS GRASS/ NO TREES Wetland--Marshes
Description: treeless wetland ecosystem found in shallow areas along the shores of lakes, ponds, rivers, & streams
Adapt to: depth of water, amount of light, temperatures
Plants: grasses, reeds, bulrushes, & wild rice are common
Animals: muskrats, turtles, frogs, and birds live in marshes
HAS GRASS/ NO TREES