1. US - Life in the 1920s Lifestyles of the 1920s Post - WWI Tensions
Republican Leadership during the 1920s

2. Role of Women Women won the right to vote: Change in fashion
19th Amendment, 1920
Change in fashion
“Flappers”
Short Skirts, short hairdos
Lipstick
Change in the work place and leisure.

3. Prohibition 1917 - Congress passed the 18th Amendment
Ratified in 1919
“Bootlegging” Liquor
“Speak-Easies”
Congress passed 21st Amendment
Ending Prohibition.

4. Sports Becomes a big Business/Entertainment “Heros”
Baseball: Babe Ruth & Ty Cobb
College Football
Boxing: Joe Dempsey
Sports

5. Consumer Habits
Industrial improvements of the 1920s focused on consumer goods:
Ice boxes, Autos, & radios
Supermarkets were introduced:
Invention of cellophane

6. Movies & Film Motion Picture was a popular past time
Douglas Fairbanks
Lillian Gish
Movies & Film
Motion Picture was a popular past time
Movie stars as celebrities grew.
Movie studios began to market films to public’s choice
Miss America pageant
Atlantic City, 1921
Clara Bow
Mary Pickford

7. “The Jazz Singer”
1927 musical film. 1st full length feature motion picture, using synchronized dialogue.
“Talkies” film.

8. New Transportation 1920 - 9 million registered autos
Tripled
,000 miles of roads
,000 miles of roads
Doubled
Million miles
Henry Ford & the assembly line production
Auto industry employed 3.7 million people in 1929.

9. Charles Lindbergh, 25 years old
Air Travel
1927, First Trans-Atlantic Air Flight.
Within 1 year, air travel grew 4x.
May 12, Flew from San Diego, CA to Long Island, NY (22 hours)
May 20, 1927 Flew from Long Island, NY USA to Paris, France. (38 hours)
Charles Lindbergh, 25 years old

10. US - Life in the 1920s Lifestyles of the 1920s Post- WWI Tensions
Republican Leadership during the 1920s

11. End of WWI & Victory Parade
WWI ends November, 1918
US Celebrates the victory with parades in NYC.
4+ million soldiers return home from being mobilized in the war

12. Strikes & Labor Unrest
Strikes - workers refusal to work unless their demands are met.
Prices rose quickly, wages much more slowly
Unsafe, unfair business practices
million workers went on strike.
Famous strikes:
Boston Police Strike, 1919
No. Indiana Steelworkers, 1919
United Mine Workers Coal Mine Strike, 1919

13. “Red Summer” of 1919 1920, Car bombing, Wall Street, NYC
Strikers were subject to hysteria, prone to begin riots.
Fearful of pro socialist/communist actions against the American capitalist market system.
Fearful of south & eastern European immigrants.
“Red Summer” of 1919

14. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
Appointed by President Woodrow Wilson.
Responsible for the US’ 1st “Red Scare”.
“Palmer raids” - rounded up Soviet immigrants, deported or detained them. Acts of government repression.
ACLU founded by U. Sinclair & Jane Adams.
Provided legal assistance to victims of Palmer’s tactics.

15. “Red Scare”
Patriotic Americans saw a Red agitator behind union organizers and every labor protest.
Anti Immigrant feelings were at an all time high.

16. N. Vanetti & B. Sacco
April a robbery at a factory in So. Braintree, MA,
Resulted in two deaths
3 weeks later, these 2 Italian immigrants were arrested.
Known Anarchists and protesters of the “Palmer Raids”.
Convicted based upon contradictory evidence and testimony.
Honorable W. Thayer sentenced the accused to death.
Mass American and foreign protest did not change the verdict.
Executed on Aug. 23, 1927
Claim - innocent victims of the “Red Scare”.

17. Marcus Garvey Leader of African Americans in 1920s.
“Struggle for Black Identity”
Back to Africa movement: hoped to take blacks back to Africa & return with imports/products to trade with in the US markets.
His leadership resulted in a growing spirit of race consciousness and race pride.

18. Ku Klux Klan in Washington D.C.
KKK march down Pennsylvania Ave.
40,000 man in attendance
“Nativists - white Protestant men.
Intolerant, Spread hate, Anti- immigrant (foreigners in general), black, Jew, Catholic.
1921 & influenced Congress to pass legislation limiting immigration into the US.

19. Clarence Darrow & Scopes trial
July, Dayton, Tennessee
John Scopes was arrested and tried for teaching the theory of evolution.
Scientific theory of C. Darwin, cited by traditionalists as destroying faith in the Bible.
ACLU hired C. Darrow, most famous attorney of the day, to defend Scopes. Took the case without pay.
So called “monkey trial”

20. US - Life in the 1920s Lifestyles of the 1920s Postwar Tensions
Republican Leadership during the 1920s

21. Republican Leadership in the White House
With Warren G. Harding’s inauguration in 1920, began 12 years of Republican leadership in the Capitol.
Presidents Harding, Coolidge & Hoover
Examine their tenure in office and the issues the US faced during this era.
Harding
Coolidige
Hoover

22. Albert B. Fall, Secretary of Interior
President Harding’s Cabinet was subjected to mismanagement & corruption.
Most infamous case :
“Teapot Dome Scandal”
Albert B. Fall gained control of government oil fields & secretly leased them to private oil companies
Teapot Dome, Wyoming
$125k & Hundreds of cattle were give in the form of a bribe.
Conviction, 1 year in jail sentence.

23. Vice President Coolidge swearing in.
Warren G. Harding died August 2nd, 1923.
Harding was ill from eating tainted crabs while on a trip to Alaska & California.
He was also suffering from bronchial pneumonia.
Calvin Coolidge, Harding’s VP was sworn into office on a farm in Vermont, by his father, a notary public at 2:30 am, August 3, 1923.
He was resworn the next day in Washington D.C. by a Supreme Court Justice.
He was on vacation with family during the summer of 1923.

24. President Coolidge’s Cabinet
President Coolidge kept most of the Harding Cabinet once he sworn is as President.
Secretary of Treasury: Andrew Mellon
Secretary of State: Charles Evan Hughes
Main New appointee: Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stome.
Stowe was tasked with weeding out the “Ohio Gang”

25. President Coolidge & family
President Coolidge was a devote family man.
Enjoyed spending time with family vs. time with political leaders from around the country & the world.
Averaged a 4-hour work day.
He was one not to indulge in the extravagance of the 1920’s lifestyle.
He was Pro business, as the US economy improved, Coolidge advocated more & more that government should be guided by business principles & practices.
President Coolidge & family

26. Coolidge, Mellon & Hoover
Political cartoons like this depicted Coolidge’s opinion on running for reelection in the 1928 election.
Coolidge refused the Republican party’s nomination for President.
Opened the way for Herbert Hoover.
“Keep it Cool with Coolidge”
Election of Coolidge, here with Secretary of Treasury Mellon & Secretary of Commerce, Hoover.
All 3 men were pro business.
Industrial output DOUBLED during period
Silent government/laissez-faire in its approach to US business.

27. Herbert Hoover Hoover campaigning in NYC at the Metropolis.
Self-made millionaire by 40
Standford University graduate.
“Rugged individualism” was his philosophy.
Through Hard work & diligence, the American Dream could be possible.
Personified the Republican party base.
Midwestern, small-town Protestant white American voters.
Personal & Political views included:
Conservative
Pro-business
Advocate of small federal government
Belief in the individual

28. 1928: Herbert Hoover vs. Alfred E. Smith