1. Chapter 10, Lesson 2 & 3 Notes

3. Roman sports arena that held popular events, sometimes involving professional fighters such as gladiators. Gladiators often fought to the death. The Colosseum could seat 50,000 people. Best seats were saved for the wealthy and important citizens. The colosseum had machinery below the arena floor that made it possible to lift animal cages or equipment to the surface.

5. Believed in the protection of the legal system. Although people spoke many different languages, people throughout the Roman Empire also spoke a common language, Latin. Roman citizens were divided into two groups: 1. Patricians – were wealthy and powerful citizens. 2. Plebeians – all other citizens which included farmers, soldiers, and merchants. 90% of all people were plebeians.

6. Republic - Citizens had the right to vote or choose their leaders. Those that were elected to represent the people are called representatives. Roman representatives that served in a governing body was called the Senate.

7. Not everyone that lived in Rome was a citizen. Slaves and foreigners were not citizens. Women had few rights. 1. The could not vote. 2. Could not hold public office. Woman could: Own property Testify in court

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9. Tribunes were men that were appointed by the Senate to protect the rights of the plebeians. Any tribune could stop any action of the Senate by shouting, “Veto!” Veto is a Latin word that means “I forbid.”

10. The Punic Wars were three wars that were fought between Rome and Carthage. The wars lasted 120 years. Romans won all three battles. Carthage was a powerful city-state in North Africa.

11. Hannibal was a general of Carthage. Scipio was a Roman general. At that time, Hannibal use elephants to cross the Alps (mountains) and surprise the Romans. Scipio attacked Carthage and defeated them again.

12. Roman ruler who was victorious in conquering other lands. He was stabbed to death in the Senate because others feared he would destroy the republic by taking total power of Rome.

13. The Appian Way was a road that Ancient Rome built that stretched more than 350 miles.

15. Marcus Aurelius was a philosopher who was known as a fair ruler. He is considered the last of Rome’s Five Good Emperors.

16. Pax Romana means the 200 years of Roman peace which brought growth and prosperity to Rome.

19. Roman towns needed water supply to keep the people clean and give them a water source for them to drink from. Most of the water was used in public baths, for ordinary citizen or private baths for wealthy citizens. The water did not reach the 2 nd floor of houses, so dirty water and waste was thrown out into the streets from the windows. The Roman Aqueduct in Nimes, France dates back to the 1 st century A.D.