2. History of Labor Unions in the United States of America CUIN 6320 Technology in the Classroom Dr. Donna O. Smith Fall 2006 Presented by: Milton G. May

3. Medieval Guilds Medieval guilds existed to protect and enhance their members' livelihoods through controlling the instructional capital of artisanship and the progression of members from apprentice to craftsman, journeyman, and eventually to master and grandmaster of their craft. They also facilitated mobility by providing accommodation for guild members traveling in search of work. Guilds exhibited some aspects of the modern trade union, but also some aspects of professional associations and modern corporations. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_unions

4. The 18th century economist Adam Smith noted the imbalance in the rights of workers in regards to owners (or "masters"). In The Wealth of Nations, Book I, chapter 8, Smith wrote:Adam Smith –We rarely hear, it has been said, of the combinations of masters, though frequently of those of workmen. But whoever imagines, upon this account, that masters rarely combine, is as ignorant of the world as of the subject. Masters are always and everywhere in a sort of tacit, but constant and uniform combination, not to raise the wages of labour above their actual rate... –[When workers combine,] masters... never cease to call aloud for the assistance of the civil magistrate, and the rigorous execution of those laws which have been enacted with so much severity against the combinations of servants, labourers, and journeymen.

5. Definition "A Trade Union (Labor union)... is a continuous association of wage-earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment." Clarke, T., Clements, L. (1978). Trade Unions under Capitalism. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press. ISBN 0-391-00728-9.ISBN 0-391-00728-9

7. Was it legal to form unions in the early 19 th century? A.YesYes B.NoNo

8. What are some of the events that made it necessary to form labor unions? A. The Tet OffensiveThe Tet Offensive B.The Triangle Shirtwaist FireThe Triangle Shirtwaist Fire C.Tiananmen SquareTiananmen Square

9. From your reading, what is one benefit that labor unions have for their members? A.Keeps them from getting firedKeeps them from getting fired B.Gives them free health careGives them free health care C.Collective bargainingCollective bargaining

10. Which of the following is not a benefit of labor unions? A.Provision of benefits to membersProvision of benefits to members B.Free advertisingFree advertising C.Industrial ActionIndustrial Action D.Political ActivityPolitical Activity

11. What are the four shop types? A.Closed shop, Union shop, Agency shop, Open shopClosed shop, Union shop, Agency shop, Open shop B.Closed shop, Wood shop, Metal shop, Shop guildClosed shop, Wood shop, Metal shop, Shop guild C.Shop guild, Actor’s Guild, Open shop, Closed shopShop guild, Actor’s Guild, Open shop, Closed shop D.Actor’s Guild, NBAPA, NFLPA, MLBPAActor’s Guild, NBAPA, NFLPA, MLBPA

15. TEKS §113.32. United States History Studies Since Reconstruction (High School - One Credit). (c) Knowledge and skills. –(2) History. The student understands the political, economic, and social changes in the United States from 1877 to 1898. The student is expected to: (B) analyze economic issues such as industrialization, the growth of railroads, the growth of labor unions, farm issues, and the rise of big business

16. Unions remain as important today as in any time of American history. Though issues facing the Union and its members have changed over the last century, their basic philosophies have not. No longer do we, as a society, fight the demons of the past – child labor, 40-hour workweek, vacation time, etc. Unions have moved forward and progressed, taking up the banner for today’s working class men and women on key fronts such as health care, fair and equitable pay, respectful treatment, short staffing, forced overtime and job and retirement security for all its members. http://www.uswa.org/uswa/program/content/291.php