1. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002

2. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 P. M. Grant, (Electric Power Research Institute) pgrant@epri.com MgB 2 and its application to electric power AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228)

3. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 Nature, 1 March 2001

4. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 Nature, 31 May 2001 4.2 K25 K J C @ 1 T (A/cm 2 ) 150,00035,000

5. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 Power Device Req’mts ApplicationT(K)Field (T)J C (A/cm 2 ) Fault-current controller 20-770.1 – 310 4 - 10 5 Large motor20-774 - 510 5 Generator20-504 - 510 5 SMES20-775 - 1010 5 Power cable65-77< 0.210 4 - 10 5 Transformer25-770.5 - 28  10 4 R. D. Blaugher, et al., THERMEC*2000

6. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 ORNL: J C vs H

7. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 ORNL: H vs T

8. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 Tape dimensions: 3.5 mm x 0.35 mm Filling factor 20% Treated at 900°C for 2 hours in Ar INFM-Genova, G. Grasso, A. Malagoli, V. Braccini, S. Roncallo, and A.S. Siri, Italy INFM-Genova Ni-Sheathed MgB 2 Tape Ex-Situ Sintered 4.2 K 4  10 3 4  10 4 4  10 5 A/cm 2 A sc = 2.5  10 -3 cm 2

9. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 HyperTech CTFF for MgB 2 CONTINUOUS TUBE FORMING AND FILLING (CTFF)

10. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 HyperTech Representative J C ’s Temperature, K 4K 4K 4K Field, T 0-0.2 1 3 Jc -kA/mm 2 7.5* 3* 0.2 Temperature, K 30K 30K Field, T 0-0.2 1 Jc -kA/mm 2 0.32 0.1 (over 300 amps) (over 100 amps) * by extrapolation due to flux jump and lack of stabilization A/cm 2 750,000 300,000 20,000 A/cm 2 32,000 10,000

11. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 HyperTech MgB 2 Wire 60 meters, 1.2 mm Mono MgB 2 CTFF Iron in Monel Multi-filament

12. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 MgB 2 Wire C/P Assumptions/Givens: J C = 100,000 A/cm 2 I C = 2000 A/wire (Area = 2 mm 2 ) Non-Materials C/P = 0.11 $/kAm (NbTi) Alfa Aesar MgB 2 Price Quote (10 kg) 750 $/kg (0.75 $/gm) MgB 2 Wire C/P 2.03 $/kAm @ 25 K, 1 T

13. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 MgB 2 Opportunities 20 – 30 K, 0 – 3 T Transformers Rotating Machinery Cables (?)

14. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 Transformer Cost of Ownership ItemUnitsCuBSCCO YBCO CCMgB 2 Operating TemperatureK30077 6825 Operating FieldT20222 Electrical LossesW/kA  m600.25 0.125 “Effective” Carnot Factor W t /W e 120 23.676 Cryo-unit Electrical LoadW/kA  m0555.99.5 Total Cost of Losses @ 1 $/W $/kA  m60555.99.5 Cryo-unit Cost @ 5 $/W Rating $/kA  m025 29.547.5 Wire Cost (T, H)$/kA  m550150502 Total Cost of Ownership $/kA  m65801808559

15. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 Science Bob Service, 1 Feb 2002

16. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 Transformer Cost of Ownership ItemUnitsCuBSCCO YBCO CCMgB 2 Operating TemperatureK30077 6825 Operating FieldT20222 Electrical LossesW/kA  m600.25 0.125 “Effective” Carnot Factor W t /W e 120 23.676 Cryo-unit Electrical LoadW/kA  m0555.99.5 Total Cost of Losses @ 1 $/W $/kA  m60555.99.5 Cryo-unit Cost @ 5 $/W Rating $/kA  m025 29.547.5 Wire Cost (T, H)$/kA  m550150502 Total Cost of Ownership $/kA  m65801808559

17. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 P.M. Grant, The Industrial Physicist, Feb/March Issue, 2002 http://www.aip.org/tip/INPHFA/vol-8/iss-1/p22.pdf Supermarket School Home Family Car DNA-to-order.com Nuclear plant H2H2 H2H2 MgB 2 “SuperCity”

18. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 Energy Intensity Factoids WattsAvgPeak Elect20004000 Therm40008000 Grant Household Power Requirements Peak Power for 250,000 GHE’s Electrical: 1000 MW Thermal: 2000 MW Does not include 3 automobiles!

19. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 “The Energy Pipeline” MgB 2 Electrical Insulation Thermal Insulation Vacuum Liquid H 2 @ 21 K ± 10,000 V dc 50,000 A 1000 MW

20. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 Hydrogen Factoids 0.025 $/kWh Electricity -> 0.22 $/kWh Hydrogen Hydrogen flowing @ 1 m/s -> 0.6 MW/cm 2 Delivering 2000 MW Hydrogen -> 67 cm dia pipe Electricity via superconductivity is essentially free! To power all cars in the US with hydrogen would require appropriating all present electric power generated in the US German studies show water emissions from powering all cars with hydrogen could cause changes in microclimate.

21. MgB 2 and its application to electric power Paul M. Grant AME4-E-o1-2002: 9:15 1 May 2002 (228) St. Louis, MO 28 April – 1 May 2002 Hindenburg Hysteria The Hindenburg did not crash Because of a hydrogen leak!