1. Industrialization 1750-1914

2. Basic Concepts Outcome of scientific activity and invention of 1600’s New forms of power New levels of efficiency Mechanical age Paradigm shift

3. Thomas Kuhn- The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Whether in the sciences, or in other aspects of our lives, paradigm shifts seem to have some common characteristics. Paradigm shifts are a necessary part of life. Paradigm shifts can be bad. Paradigm shifts often come from the young. You cannot abandon a paradigm until you have one to put in its place, because our paradigm is that which allows us to function. It usually takes a long time to effect a paradigm shift - often as much as 20 years, about the life of a generation.

4. Preconditions for Industrialization Technical knowledge and invention; belief in progress Large un-landed population Natural resources Investment capital Stable and capitalist government

5. Belief in Progress Marquis de Condorcet “Progress of the Human Mind” Change or progress is inevitable Humans on the verge of perfection Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Adam Smith-Capitalism an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, [especially] as contrasted to cooperatively or state- owned means of wealth.

6. Capitalism an economic system - in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, [especially] as contrasted to cooperatively or state- owned means of wealth. Modern Language Association (MLA):"capitalism." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 12 Apr. 2009..http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/capitalism

7. Natural Resources

8. Agricultural Revolution 1600s New farming techniques Jethro Tull and the seed drill Enclosure Movement Displaced workers Cottage Industry Josiah Wedgewood

9. Textile Revolution Water power New Inventions The Luddites Factory

10. Changes in Demography Rural to urban migration

11. Gender, Family, and Social Structure Stable populations Declining birth and death rates Children more valued Decline of slavery in favor of spending wage-earners Consumerism Women and children worked outside the home; cheap labor Rise of Unions Cult of domesticity Aristocrats decline in power Power based on wealth Middle-Class at odds with the working class Peasant protests decline Less rural isolation Use of market conditions to improve life Cooperatives, cash crops Children attended school to learn better techniques

12. Technological Revolution James Watt Alexander Graham Bell Henry Bessemer Thomas Edison The Wright Brothers

13. Outcomes Major economic and social changes Before IndustrializationAfter Industrialization Agricultural-rural economyCapitalist-urban economy Family-farm economyWage-earning economy Asian-based manufacturingFactory-based manufacturing Rural-based populationUrban population

14. The End