1. Brianna Shildt & Kirsten Berube

2.  A poisonous metal  Its found naturally in soil and minerals  Arsenic compounds are used as pesticides.  There is organic and inorganic Inorganic is toxic Organic is not toxic  Exposure can cause health problems High levels cause death Low levels for long time  Discolor of the skin  Known to cause cancer and potential IQ problems.

3.  There is no color and its almost tasteless  Everyone is exposed to very small levels each day 8 micrograms  People are exposed to arsenic by Breathing Drinking or Eating  Greater than 100 ppm is deadly  Toxic dose In adult is 42 mg (0.042g) In a 20lb child it is 6 mg (0.06g)

4.  Studies have proved to have high levels of arsenic in apple juices  There is no federal limit for arsenic or lead in juices

5.  5 brands of juice Gerber Organic Gerber Great Value Apple & Eve Mott’s Original  Juiced a complete Apple Food processor Drained Filtered

6.  Standard arsenic samples of 100ppm and 0.5ppm  Analysis of apple juice in the XRF to determine if arsenic is present.

7.  Standards made from a 100ppm solution of arsenic in water 5 ppm 4 ppm 3 ppm 2 ppm 1 ppm 0.5 ppm 0.4 ppm 0.3 ppm 0.2 ppm 0.1 ppm 0.05 ppm  Dilute 50% Distilled water 50% juiced samples  Apple juice samples spiked with 1 ml of 1000ppm arsenic were ran through the ICP  Then Analysis of apple juice was done in the ICP to determine concentration of arsenic

9. ICP Apple Juice Intensities SampleIntensity Spiked Great Value276.59 Spiked Apple and Eve262.57 Spiked Motts214.90 Spiked Gerber Organic 207.47 Spiked Gerber222.56 Spiked Juiced Apple280.95 Great Value12.908 Apple and Eve13.502 Motts13.111 Gerber Organic12.963 Juiced Apple12.580  Gerber was not tested  Spiked samples have much higher intensities than unspiked samples

10.  No detection of arsenic  0.5 ppm, 100 ppm, and all apple juice brands tested Elements in Samples SampleElement Great Value Rh, Ar Apple and Eve Rh, K, Cu, Ar Motts Rh, Cd, Cu, Ar Gerber Rh, Ar Gerber Organic Rh, K, Ar Juiced Apple Rh, Ag, Ar 0.5 ppmRh, Ag, Ar, Ca 100 ppmRh, K, Ar

11. Arsenic Concentrations SampleDiluted Concentration (ppm) Undiluted Concentration (ppm) Spiked Great Value1.3272.654 Spiked Apple and Eve 1.2632.526 Spiked Motts1.0442.088 Spiked Gerber Organic 1.0102.020 Spiked Gerber1.0792.158 Spiked Juiced Apple 1.3472.694 Great Value0.1170.234 Apple and Eve0.1200.24 Motts0.1180.236 Gerber Organic0.1170.234 Juiced Apple0.1160.232  Undiluted concentration found from calculated concentration of diluted samples by M 1 V 1 =M 2 V 2  Ex: Spiked Great Value- M 1 (5 ml)=(1.327ppm)(10 ml) M 1 =2.654 ppm

12. Spike Recovery SampleRecovery (%) Great Value121 Apple and Eve114.3 Motts92.6 Gerber Organic89.3 Juiced Apple123.1  Looking at interference and matrix affects  % recovery = (conc. of spiked sample - conc. of unspiked sample)(100)/(spike added)  Ex: (1.327 mg/L – 0.117 mg/L)(100)/(1000mg/L x 0.001 L) = 121%

13.  Traces of arsenic found in all samples  Apple juice brands have very similar arsenic concentrations  Apple juice is not harmful unless excessive amounts are consumed  Further testing on IC, ICP-MS, and AA  Testing with more accurate instrumentation

14.  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ars enic.html  http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/eh/chemf s/fs/arsenic.htm  http://www.origen.net/arsenic.html