1. Reminders Please keep cell phones away Make sure you are in your seat when the bell rings

2. Do Now What is consciousness? What is consciousness?

3. Consciousness & The Sleep Cycle Sleep consists of five different stages (levels) Sleep consists of five different stages (levels) Involves varied levels of awareness, consciousness, & responsiveness Involves varied levels of awareness, consciousness, & responsiveness

4. So, What is Consciousness? Consciousness is a continuum: from acute awareness to total unawareness (unresponsive) Consciousness is a continuum: from acute awareness to total unawareness (unresponsive) Consciousness refers to different levels of awareness of one’s thoughts & emotions Consciousness refers to different levels of awareness of one’s thoughts & emotions Includes concocting images in the mind, following thought processes, or unique emotional experiences Includes concocting images in the mind, following thought processes, or unique emotional experiences

5. The Continuum of Consciousness (7 States) 1. Controlled Processes: activities requiring full awareness, concentration, & alertness to reach a goal; focused attn. usually interferes w/executing other ongoing activities (eg. driving & using cellphone) 2. Automatic Processes: activities requiring low attn. & awareness; don’t interfere w/ongoing activities (eg. eating & reading)

6. Continuum of Consciousness ~ Daydreaming & Altered States 3. Daydreaming: Activity requiring low level awareness, often occuring during automatic processes; involves fantasizing or dreaming while awake. 4. Altered States: Result of using anything from hypnosis to meditation, psychoactive drugs, or sleep deprivation; produces awareness which differs from normal consciousness.

7. Continuum of Consciousness, Continued ~ Sleep/Dreams and Unconsciousness 5. Sleep & Dreams: Altered state of consciousness, involving 5 stages. Deepest state borders on unconsciousness 7. Unconsciousness: total lack of sensory awareness & complete loss of responsiveness to environment; result of disease, trauma, blow to head, or general medical anesthesia

8. Continuum of Consciousness, Continued ~ Implicit Memory 6. Unconscious/Implicit Memory (Freud): memories stored in the “unconscious” which we don’t want to recall (eg. abuse) ~ Psychoanalytic Theory Reflective Inquiry: Discuss this continuum of consciousness “stage” or theory with a peer ~ does it “make sense”? Why/why not? Would you be able to share an example about memories stored in the unconscious? Whole class Q & A/Share. Reflective Inquiry: Discuss this continuum of consciousness “stage” or theory with a peer ~ does it “make sense”? Why/why not? Would you be able to share an example about memories stored in the unconscious? Whole class Q & A/Share.

9. The Five Stages of Sleep Two Main Types ~ REM: Rapid Eye REM: Rapid Eye Movement; Active Sleep (Stage 5); 20% of sleep time NREM: Non-Rapid NREM: Non-Rapid Eye Movement; Quiet Sleep (Stages 1 - 4); 80% of total sleep

10. The Sleep Cycle ~ Continued Stage 1: Begins sleep cycle, and is relatively light. Transitions between wakefulness & sleep. The Brain produces high amplitude theta waves (slow). This is the first 5 – 10 minutes of sleep where the sleeper will usually report not being asleep if awoken. Stage 1: Begins sleep cycle, and is relatively light. Transitions between wakefulness & sleep. The Brain produces high amplitude theta waves (slow). This is the first 5 – 10 minutes of sleep where the sleeper will usually report not being asleep if awoken.

11. The Sleep Cycle ~ Continued Stage 2: Approximately 20 minutes into sleep; the brain begins producing rapid, rhythmic bursts of brain waves (sleep spindles). Generally,  in body temperature;  in  rate. Stage 2: Approximately 20 minutes into sleep; the brain begins producing rapid, rhythmic bursts of brain waves (sleep spindles). Generally,  in body temperature;  in  rate. Stage 3: Deep, slow brain waves (delta waves) emerge; transitions between light & very deep sleep; approximately 30 minutes into sleep. Stage 3: Deep, slow brain waves (delta waves) emerge; transitions between light & very deep sleep; approximately 30 minutes into sleep.

12. The Sleep Cycle ~ Continued Stage 4: Referred to as delta sleep (delta waves occur); deep sleep lasts 30 minutes. Bed-wetting & sleepwalking can occur at the end of Stage 4 Sleep. Stage 4: Referred to as delta sleep (delta waves occur); deep sleep lasts 30 minutes. Bed-wetting & sleepwalking can occur at the end of Stage 4 Sleep. Stage 5: Deepest stage; most dreams occur here. REM sleep; increased respiration rate & brain activity. Referred to as “Paradoxical sleep”: muscles relax; voluntary muscles are paralyzed. Approx. 90 minutes into sleeping. *Suppressed REM sleep = REM rebound (need for increased % of REM sleep). REM sleep helps strengthen our overall memory ability. Stage 5: Deepest stage; most dreams occur here. REM sleep; increased respiration rate & brain activity. Referred to as “Paradoxical sleep”: muscles relax; voluntary muscles are paralyzed. Approx. 90 minutes into sleeping. *Suppressed REM sleep = REM rebound (need for increased % of REM sleep). REM sleep helps strengthen our overall memory ability.

13. The Five Stages of Sleep

14. Typically, we backtrack through Stages 3 & 2, before we reach REM (Stage 5), rather than straight through Stages 1 – 5... but, what about complications with a sleep cycle?

15. Circadian Rhythm Definition: biological clock, genetically programmed to regulate physiological responses within a 24-hr. time period Definition: biological clock, genetically programmed to regulate physiological responses within a 24-hr. time period Regulates inner sleep-wake cycle Regulates inner sleep-wake cycle Jet-lag, accidents, clock resetting, & melatonin (hormone secreted by pineal gland increases w/darkness; decreases w/light) can upset our circadian rhythm. Jet-lag, accidents, clock resetting, & melatonin (hormone secreted by pineal gland increases w/darkness; decreases w/light) can upset our circadian rhythm.

16. Reflective Inquiry: Exit Ticket Turn & talk with a peer, discussing: Turn & talk with a peer, discussing: a.) Do you typically awaken after a few hours of sleep? How often? b.) Do you typically have difficulty falling asleep? When/how often? c.) Do you typically nap throughout the day? For how long/when? Wrap up your discussion after you have both shared (4 -6 minutes*) Wrap up your discussion after you have both shared (4 -6 minutes*) Write your responses to these questions with your name on it and hand in prior to leaving class today Write your responses to these questions with your name on it and hand in prior to leaving class today

17. Take the Sleep Quiz 1. A warm room or boring class can cause drowsiness. True or False?

18. False A warm room or boring class does not cause drowsiness. These factors simply unmask the physiological sleepiness or sleep debt that is already in your body. If you are well rested, a warm room or boring meeting will make you fidgety and restless, but not sleepy.

19. 2. The average adolescent needs 8 hours of sleep every night to be fully alert. True or False?

20. False The average adolescent needs 9.25 hours of sleep every night to remain alert throughout the day. This may seem like an unrealistic amount of time to spend sleeping, given all the demands on your time. However, if you meet your 9.25 requirement you will become so much more efficient and effective that you will get everything done you are trying to do now, and you may even have time left over. And, you’ll be in a better mood.

21. 3. 9.25 hours of sleep per night on an erratic sleep/wake schedule (i.e. varying your bedtime and waking time) is more restful than 8 hours of sleep on a regular sleep/wake schedule. True or False?

22. False It is more important to get a good eight hours on a regular sleep-wake schedule (including weekends) than to get 9.25 hours on a yo-yo schedule. You have one biological clock in your brain, not one for the school week and one for the weekend. You must train your clock so that the sleepy phase of your biological rhythm coincides with the hours you spend in bed and vice versa. Once you establish a regular rhythm, you will spend your wakeful hours fully alert, and sleep well at night.

23. 4. Your brain shuts off when you sleep. True or False?

24. False At times during the night your brain is even more active than it is during the day. Sleep is vital for regulating immune, hormone and cardiovascular functions. Also, during sleep (as well as when awake) ideas are organized and reorganized and connections are made that turn short-term into long- term memories. Sleep deprivation makes you stupid; you can’t concentrate, remember or be fully productive. It takes 9.25 hours of quality sleep for you to become a peak performed and utilize your potential.

25. 5. A “good sleeper” falls asleep as soon as their head hits the pillow. True or False?

26. False A well-rested person takes 15 to 20 minutes to fall asleep. If you fall asleep instantly, that’s a sign of severe sleep deprivation.

27. 6. Students who sleep longer get better grades. True or False?

28. True Studies have shown that students with good grades are also getting more sleep. An ample amount of quality sleep restores, rejuvenates and enhances body and brain functioning critical to academic, athletic and social performance. Studies have shown that students with good grades are also getting more sleep. An ample amount of quality sleep restores, rejuvenates and enhances body and brain functioning critical to academic, athletic and social performance.

29. 7. You cannot make up for lost sleep. True or False?

30. False Sleep loss doesn’t dissipate into thin air, it accumulates. Every hour you are awake builds your sleep debt and you need to repay the debt. Every night we need a minimum of eight hours to repay being up for 16 hours. One long night of sleep, however, will not make up for years of sleep deprivation; it will take at least four weeks to restore your alertness. Go to bed 15 minutes earlier than usual tonight and keep doing it for a week. If you are not fully alert by the end of the week, add another 15 minutes. Most student swill have to be sleeping at least nine hours to achieve maximum alertness.

31. 8. A good nap should last at least one hour. True or False?

32. False A brief nap can be very helpful if you are carrying a large sleep debt. Naps should be limited, however, to 20-30 minutes. Any longer and you might go into deep sleep, which will cause you to be groggy upon awakening. Also, long naps will make it harder for you to get to sleep at night. If you are really sleep-deprived and need a longer nap, extend the time to 90 minutes so that you complete an entire sleep cycle.

33. Reminders Please keep cell phones away Make sure you are in your seat when the bell rings

34. Do Now Why do we dream? Why do we dream?