1. Revolts Against the Old Order Revolution spread across Europe as Liberal Nationalists fought against the old order In the1800s rebellions erupted the Balkan peninsula fighting against the Ottoman Empire

2. Independence for Serbia These were the first Balkan people to revolt against the Ottomans with Karageorge as their leader from 1804- 1813. This revolt was unsuccessful. The second rebellion was led by Milos Obrenovic in 1815. This revolt was successful, because Milos received assistance from Russia. The Russians and the Serbs shared the Slavic language and Christian Orthodox in common. Due to Russian help, Serbs won autonomy (self-rule).

3. Independence for Greece Other Challenges The Greeks sought to end Ottoman rule in 1821 Greece had help from Western Europeans. In the late 1820s, Britain, France and Russia forced the Ottomans to grant some of the Greek provinces independence. Many revolts took place along the Southern fringe of Europe. Spain, Portugal, and Italy struggled to gain constitutional governments