1. Introduction to Ancient Greece Political Development
The FRAME
Key Topic
is about . . .
How did the mountains, seas, islands, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek life and patterns of trade and colonization?
Main Idea
Details
Located in Europe, west of Asia Minor
West of the Aegean Sea; North of the Mediterranean Sea
Contains the Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas
Major city-states= Athens, Sparta, and Troy
Agriculture (limited arable land)
Commerce (trade) and the spread of Hellenic culture (great period of Greek art/culture)
Shift from barter to money economy (coins)
Mountain terrain helped and hindered the development of city states (protection but isolated)
Greek cities were designed to promote civic (public) and commercial (economic) life
Colonization started due to overpopulation and search for arable land
Introduction to Ancient Greece
How the physical geography of Greece impacted its culture and development
Economic and Social
Political Development
Geography

2. Black Sea
Macedonia
Dardanelles Strait
Balkan Peninsula
Troy
Aegean Sea
Asia Minor
Athens
Peloponnesus Peninsula
Sparta
Mediterranean Sea
Crete

3. The religion of Greece was polytheistic (many deities)
The FRAME Routine
Greek Mythology
is about…
The religious beliefs of the Greeks and how it influenced later societies
Essential details
The religion of Greece was polytheistic (many deities)
The Greeks believed the gods interacted with humans
Mythology offered explanations of natural phenomena
- That which could not be explained
Also explained human qualities and life events
- Morals or lessons
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
We see symbols and images of Greek mythology in Western art, literature, and architecture

4. Greek gods and goddesses
Zeus:
- King of the Gods
- Ruled from Mount Olympus
Hera:
- Queen of the Gods
- Wife of Zeus
Married
Athena
- Goddess of Wisdom
Aphrodite
- Goddess of love and beauty
Poseidon
- God of the sea
Artemis
- Virgin goddess of the hunt and childbirth
Apollo
- God of music and the sun

5. The Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis
The FRAME Routine
Citizenship in Greece
is about…
The Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis
Essential details
Greek city-states were called the polis
To become a citizen, free adult men had to serve 10 years in the military
Members of the Polis:
Citizens- free adult males; had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation in the government
Free people- women, foreigners, and young males; had no political rights
Slaves- had no political rights
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
Citizenship was only available to free adult males. There were not equal rights for everyone living in the polis

6. Sparta vs. Athens Athens Sparta
Main Idea
Sparta formed an oligarchy—rule by small elite group
Military leaders who controlled the army led the oligarchy
Rigid social classes developed with lower classes having few rights
Sparta developed a militaristic and aggressive society
Details
Stages in Athenian government: Monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, and democracy
Tyrants who worked for reform:
- Draco—harsh laws
- Solon—favored lower class
Origins of democratic principles: direct democracy, public debate, duties of the citizen
So What?
The FRAME
Key Topic
is about . . .
Sparta vs. Athens
Comparing and contrasting the Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens
Athens
Sparta
Different styles of government divided the Spartans and Athenians
Athenian democracy is the foundation for modern democracies (ex. U.S.A)

7. Athenian forms of government timeline:
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Tyranny
Democracy
Description:
Description:
Description:
Description:
King or Queen of a royal family rules
Rule rich upper-class people
Harsh/cruel government controlled by an absolute ruler
Rule by the people—people rule the government

8. The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
The FRAME
Key Topic
is about . . .
So What?
Main Idea
Details
Cause:
Persia took over Asia Minor and was heading for Greece
Who:
Sparta and Athens unite to fight against Persia
Key Battles:
Marathon and Salamis
Result= Control of the Aegean Sea
Result:
Athens preserved its independence
Formed as a result of the Persian War
United Greek city-states to help trade and prevent future attacks
Worked until Athens became too powerful
Sparta and Athens wanted control of Greece
Athens and Delian League vs. Sparta and Peloponnesian League Result:
Sparta won, Greece no longer united, and weakening of political power
The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
The causes and results of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
Sparta and Athens=
Sparta and Athens=
Delian League
Peloponnesian War
Persian War

9. Occurred between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
The FRAME Routine
Golden Age of Pericles
is about…
Why the leadership of Pericles is important to the development of Greek culture
Essential details
Occurred between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
Time of peace and prosperity for Athens
Pericles, the ruler of Athens, extended democracy to most males and they had an equal voice
Pericles rebuilt Athens from destruction that occurred during the Persian Wars
-An example of this is the Parthenon
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
The contributions from this time have become the foundations for western civilization

10. Contributions of ancient Greece:
Sculpture:
- Phidias was the most famous Greek sculptor; built the Parthenon
Mathematics:
- Euclid—father of Geometry
- Pythagoras—student of Euclid; created the Pythagorean Theory
Architecture:
Science:
- Archimedes—Greek inventor
-created the Archimedes Screw, which was used for pumping water
- Hippocrates—father of Medicine
- Created the Hippocratic Oath, still used by doctors today
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
“Dull”
“Eyes”
“Crown”

11. Contributions of ancient Greece:
Drama:
Sophocles—wrote tragedies such as Oedipus Rex and Antigone
- Aeschylus wrote over 80 plays—most famous was Agamemnon
Poetry:
- Homer was a blind epic poet who wrote the Iliad and Odyssey
Philosophy:
- Socrates—First great philosopher, taught Plato
- Plato—taught Aristotle; believed only philosophers or the highly educated should rule the government
- Aristotle—Last great Greek philosopher; taught Alexander the Great
History:
- Herodotus—father of History; wrote about the Persian Wars 200 years after they were fought; exaggerated events to glorify Athens
- Thucydides—fought in and wrote about the Peloponnesian War

12. The FRAME Following the Peloponnesian Wars, Greece was left weak
Main Idea
Following the Peloponnesian Wars, Greece was left weak
King Philip II of Macedonia, led his army to Greece and conquered Northern Greece
He died before all of Greece was conquered
Details
Philip’s son, Alexander the Great, age 23, took over and conquered Greece
Alexander adopted Hellenistic culture (Greek Culture) and spread it with his empire
Alexander’s empire stretched from Greece to Egypt
He died at age 33, after his death, the empire was divided
After his death, the Macedonian’s were defeated by the Romans
So What?
The FRAME
Key Topic
is about . . .
Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Empire
Macedonian conquest of Greece and how Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic (Greek) Culture
Macedonian Empire and King Philip II
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great and the Macedonians conquered Greece but kept and spread the Hellenistic Culture

13. Map of Alexander’s (Macedonian) Empire
Greece
Alexander’s Empire stretches as far west as __________ and ___________; and as far east as ___________.
Egypt
India

14. Hellenistic Culture The FRAME Routine
Key Topic
The FRAME Routine
Hellenistic Culture
is about…
How Alexander the Great spread Greek Culture around the world
Essential details
The culture of Greece that came from the Golden Age of Pericles is known as Hellenistic Culture
Hellenistic Age= Blend of Greek and Oriental Culture
Alexander the Great spread Hellenistic culture through trade
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
Hellenistic Culture developed during the Golden Age of Pericles and was later spread by Alexander the Great